CNS I

Compare the contributions of distribution and metabolism to the duration of IV anesthetic effects. Describe organ system effects of IV anesthetics and use this information to make decisions on clinical use of these drugs. Compare IV anesthetics based on general pharmacokinetic properties.

1. Identify the diagnosis of ADHD in a vignette. 2. State the different classes of medications used in the treatment of ADHD, their mechanism of action and side effects, and be able to choose the correct ADHD pharmacotherapy from a list of medications (generic names only). 3. List important psychiatric and substance abuse and co-morbidities with ADHD. 4. Identify most common involved neuro-transmitters in ADHD. 5. State effects of a diagnosis of ADHD and its treatment on risk for s

Describe the mechanism of local anesthetic action in regional anesthesia. Classify local anesthetics based upon their chemical structure. Describe determinants of local anesthetic effects, compare/contrast the clinical effects of local anesthetics, and describe the impact of physiochemical properties of local anesthetics on local anesthetic potency, duration of action, and toxicity. Describe systemic and regional clinical manifestations of local anesthetic toxicity.

Students will be able to list diagnostic criteria for Mental Retardation and identify level of mental retardation when given information regarding IQ score and adaptive functioning. Students will be able to identify most likely type of Learning Disability when given patient history. Students will be able to correctly identify the following genetic and developmental disorders when given key features (whether written or visual): Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Down Syndrome, Fragile X, Prader-Will

Students will be able to identify the most likely PDD diagnosis (or not) when given patient history or key features. Students will be able to identify appropriate treatments for individuals with PDD diagnoses. Students will be able to identify appropriate methods for assessing for PDD diagnoses.

1. Describe the neuromuscular junction, the motor endplate, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and how non-depolarizing muscle blockers cause paralysis. 2. Distinguish the prototype non-depolarizing blocking drugs based upon the clinical pharmacology. 3. Describe the mechanism of action of succinylcholine, list its primary clinical uses, and its contraindications. 4. List the prototype agents used to reverse neuromuscular blockade and to describe the physical signs of inadequate and ina

1. Describe the rationale for the use of combinations of anesthetic agents to achieve safe and effective surgical anesthesia. 2. Provide examples of different combinations of anesthetic agents that could be used to achieve safe and effective anesthesia 3. Describe the mechanisms of common drug interactions and list the resulting effects in the use of combinations of anesthetic agents.

Students will be able to state 3 common fears in infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Students will be able to read a vignette and make an accurate diagnosis of an anxiety disorder. Students will be able to identify 3 common comorbidities of anxiety disorders. Students will be able to list 4 elements of cognitive behavioral therapy for childhood depression.

Be able to name the major brain regions (by lobe, gyrus and Brodmann area) and describe their primary functions. Be able to relate pathology of cortical and subcortical regions to nueropsychiatric syndromes. Be able to cite sources of pathology (excitotoxicity, stroke, neurodegeneration) resulting in commonly encountered syndromes.

Be able to name the brain's major neurotransmitters, their origin, and the location(s) of their receptors. Be able to relate how psychotropic medications lead to altered NT concentrations (either therapeutically or adverse) Be able to describe how abnormal NT concentrations relate to neurological or psychiatric disorders

Be able to describe how neuroimaging technologies (specifically MRI, PET & CAT) work. Be able to list benefits and drawbacks of each technology, such as invasiveness and resolution. Be able to describe consistent neuroimaging findings for psychiatric and neurological disorders.

Define 6 factors affecting equilibration (onset) times of inhaled anesthetics. Define the mechanism of action of inhaled anesthetics. Distinguish inhaled anesthetics based on physicochemical properties. Define potency (minimal alveolar concentrations) of inhaled anesthetics. Describe the clinical effects of inhaled anesthetics.

Identify the major causes of bacterial meningitis. Diagnose bacterial meningitis from clinical presentation and lab findings. Advise pregnant women about how to avoid congenital toxoplasmosis. Diagnose amoebic meningoencephalitis from history and lab findings.

Identify conditions that require tetanus immunization. Compare and contrast the mechanisms of action of tetanus and botulism toxins. Diagnose botulism from clinical presentation and lab findings. Compare and contrast neonatal forms of tetanus and botulism.

Diagnose Herpes simplex virus-1 and HSV-2 from clinical presentation and lab findings. Differentiate the pathogenesis of HSV in adult and neonatal patients. Compare and contrast the pathogenesis of chickenpox and shingles. Recommend immunization for varicella-zoster virus. Describe how acyclovir inhibits herpesviruses.

At the end of the learning, students will be able to do the following regarding the anxiety disorders: Describe basic neuroanatomy and neurophysiology Choose the correct diagnosis from a vignette List important medical and psychiatric disorders in the differential diagnosis State important comorbidities and how they alter treatment Identify the correct pharmacologic and psycholotherapeutic treatments

Students will be able to Describe the symptom clusters in the diagnosis of PTSD, some symptoms from each and be able to recognize the diagnosis in a vignette. List the two most commonly seen psychiatric comorbidities in PTSD. Describe the basic neuroanatomy and neurophysiology involved in PTSD. Name the three major evidence-based psychotherapies for PTSD and the major active component of all. Name the two FDA-approved treatments for PTSD and be able to pick an effective pharmacot

Compare and contrast Salk and Sabin vaccines. Diagnose diseases caused by Coxsackie A and B viruses and enteroviruses. Diagnose rabies from clinical presentation and lab findings. Recommend treatment for rabies. Identify neurological syndromes caused by JC, measles, and rubella viruses. Compare and contrast viruses and prions.

At the end of the learning the students will be able to: 1. List the diagnostic criteria for Major Depression including the two essential symptoms and time course and be able to identify the diagnosis in a vignette 2. State changes in sleep architecture seen in Major Depression 3. Compare and contrast normal grief, bereavement and major depression 4. List medical conditions and medications that are associated with depression and/or may produce symptoms consistent with depression 5. Des

(PH-1) List the prototype antidepressant drugs for the following classes of drugs: tricyclics, SSRI’s, SNRI’s, and MAO inhibitors. (PH-2) Describe the mechanism of action for the prototype tricyclic, SSRI, SNRI, and MAO inhibitor antidepressants, list their appropriate clinical uses, and their major side effects and contraindications. PH-3) Describe the mechanism of action of amoxapine, bupropion, mirtazapine and trazodone, list their appropriate clinical uses, and their major side effects and

1. List the principal criteria for the appropriate use of sedative-hypnotic/anxiolytic agents. 2. List the prototype barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and GABAA-alpha1 selective agonists, describe their clinical uses, their mechanism and site of action, and how their pharmacokinetic differences provide the basis for selection of which agent to use and for what purpose. 3. List the major side effects and abuse potential of the prototype barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and GABAA-alpha1 selective ago

Diagnose viral encephalitis based on history, clinical presentation, and lab findings. Differentiate Eastern equine, Western equine, West Nile, St. Louis, California, and Japan encephalitis viruses. Diagnose hanta virus infection based on history, clinical presentation, and lab findings. Identify three viruses that cause hemorrhagic disease. Diagnose lymphocytic choriomeningitis based on history, clinical presentation, and lab findings

1. Describe the different patterns of intracranial hemorrhage, their mechanisms of development and their clinical presentation and significance: Subdural, Epidural, Contusion 2. Compare and contrast brain injury causes and patterns: Diffuse brain injury, Traumatic axonal injury, Concussion 3. Classify the congenital malformations based on the anatomic patterns and define the associated syndromes: Anencephaly, Dandy-Walker Malformation, Chiari malformation, Neural tube closure defects,

1. Identify the general categories of neoplasms based on their histogenesis: Gliomas, Meningioma, Medulloblastoma / PNET, lymphoma, Metastatic neoplasms 2. Describe how the WHO grading system works and what the different categories mean 3. Compare and contrast pathologic features of selected neoplasms (#1) with their clinical behavior \ outcome 4. Describe how different pathologic diagnoses impacts management 5. Identify the typical presentations of most common neoplasms (#1)

• Describe a manic episode and differentiate it from hypomania or a primary psychotic episode • Differentiate between Bipolar I, Bipolar II and Cyclothymia • List common medications, medical conditions and environmental changes associated with mania

•Describe positive and negative symptoms seen in schizophrenia •Differentiate between good and bad prognostic signs in schizophrenia •List the most commonly reported neuropsychological deficits (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and related executive function) and imaging findings (enlarged ventricles) •Differentiate between schizophreniform disorder, brief psychotic disorder, schizoaffective disorders, shared psychotic disorder and schizophrenia (see additional handout from Dr. Spollen

mid block review session - questions and answer portion

general drug classes

(PH-1) List the prototype antipsychotic drugs for the following classes of drugs: phenothiazines, thioxanthenes, and butyrophenones. (PH-2) Describe the mechanism of action of the prototype phenothiazine, thioxanthene, and butyrophenone drugs, categorize them according to potency, and describe their clinical uses and side effects. (PH-3) Describe the motor fluctuations seen both early and late during treatment with the first generation (Typical) antipsychotics. (PH-4) List the prototype atypi

Students will be able to 1 Describe the importance of sleep 2 Describe normal sleep architecture and specific features of the various stages of sleep 3 Understand Sleep Lingo 4 Describe normal sleep across the lifespan and how it changes 5 List mechanisms of sleep/wake in the brain a6 State the two main regulatory influences on sleep and what can result if they are out of line

1 List symptoms and treatment of narcolepsy 2 Describe the DSM IV classification of sleep disorders 3 Describe origins and treatment of insomni a4 Appreciate Sleep Apnea and Circadian Disorders 5 Delineate REM vs. NREM parasomnias 6 State the classic sleep findings in Major Depression

• Choose the correct diagnosis for a vignette based on listed signs and symptoms • Name the type of psychotherapy most often cited as evidence-based for Borderline PD • Describe a strategy often helpful with people with significant narcissistic traits

Describe the phases of sexual response, disorders which occur during the sexual response cycle, how these differ between males and females, the DSM diagnoses that correlate with these and which are more common for males vs. females Describe the general approach to assessing sexual health • Be able to identify in a vignette Gender Identity Disorder • Be able to differentiate in a vignette between the various paraphilias antiepress

For the adrenal hyperfunction disorders, describe the major associated disease, clinical features and expected lab findings For the adrenal hypofunction disorders, describe its clinical features, causes and expect laboratory findings Describe the clinicopathologic features of pheochromocytoma and adrenal adenomas