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Kamryn Lafleur
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Decks in this class (93)
Topic 1 Animal Forms and Functions
Groups of cells that have similar...,
Bringing conditions back to norma...,
Action that intensifies a conditi...
6
cards
Topic 2 The Respiratory System: Invertebrate Respiration
What we rely on for gas exchange ...,
Protozoa and hydra direct with en...,
Mucus secreted by earthworms prov...
5
cards
Topic 2 The Respiratory System: Plant Respiration
During the day glucose produces a...,
In presence of oxygen o2 used and...
2
cards
Topic 2 The Respiratory System: Lungs
Made of two sub portions left and...,
Smaller 2 lobes,
Larger 3 lobes
8
cards
Topic 2 The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange in Humans
Active exchange of oxygen in and ...,
1 alveoli2 nose3 pharynx4 larynx5...,
Gas exchange between circulatory ...
9
cards
Topic 2 The Respiratory System: Detailed Sequence of Gas Exchange
Gas exchange occurs across moist ...,
O2 transported through body withi...,
O2 diffuses out of red blood cell...
5
cards
Topic 2 The Respiratory System: Bohr Effect
Refers to the shift in oxygen dis...,
High concentration of co2 it diff...,
High co2 and low ph are related l...
8
cards
Topic 2 The Respiratory Effect: Haldane Effect
Describes how deoxygenation of bl...,
Co2 h2o h2co3 h hco3 h hbo2 h hb o2
2
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Topic 2 The Respiratory System: Control of Respiration
The medulla oblongata is the majo...,
1 when partial pressure of co2 in...,
The majority of co2 in the blood ...
3
cards
Topic 2 The Respiratory System: Diseases in Respiratory System
Found in trachea and upper respir...,
Pathology marked by destruction o...,
Damages cilia of respiratory cell...
3
cards
Topic 2 The Respiratory System: Chemistry of Gas Exchange
Has 4 polypeptide subunits with e...,
Lungs are o2 rich and want to han...,
Oxygen dissociation curve shows p...
4
cards
Topic 2 The Respiratory System: Metabolic vs Respiratory Acidosis/Alkalosis
Make sure to know the difference ...,
Results from inadequate ventilati...,
Results from breathing too rapidl...
3
cards
Topic 2 The Respiratory System: Myoglobin vs Fetal Hemoglobin Curves
Has hyperbolic curve since struct...,
Saturates quickly and releases in...,
Curve is shifted left of adult he...
4
cards
Topic 2 The Respiratory System: Avian vs Mammalian Respiration
Dramatically different than human...,
Tidal breathing we breathe in and...
2
cards
Topic 2 The Respiratory System: Lung Volumes
Volume of air that is inhaled or ...,
Maximum volume of air that can be...,
Maximum volume of air that can be...
8
cards
Topic 3 Circulatory System: Circulation in Invertebrates
Responsible for circulating and t...,
Unicellular animal like due to mo...,
Body walls are 2 cells thick so a...
5
cards
Topic 3 Circulatory System: Human Heart
Human and bird hearts have 4 cham...,
Fluid filled sac that surrounds t...,
Chamber where deoxygenated blood ...
9
cards
Topic 3 Circulatory System: Cardiac Cycle
Not all blood leaves ventricles w...,
Located in upper wall of the righ...,
Located in lower wall of right at...
5
cards
Topic 3 Circulatory System: Heart Contraction
Large muscle not anchored to any ...,
Have thicker walls than atria and...,
Only needs to generate enough pre...
9
cards
Topic 3 Circulatory System: Blood Pressure
Hydrostatic pressure from the hea...,
1 pumping of the heart assisted b...
2
cards
Topic 3 Circulatory System: Blood Vessels
Blood transported via arteries ve...,
Thich walled muscular elastic ves...,
Small vessels wrapped in smooth m...
11
cards
Topic 3 Circulatory System: Blood Flow
Cross sectional area of veins is ...
1
cards
Topic 3 Circulatory System: Lymph Vessels
An open secondary circulatory sys...,
1 proteins and large particles th...,
2 has valves to prevent back flow...
5
cards
Topic 3 Circulatory System: Blood
There are 4 6 liters of blood in ...,
55 liquid plasma and 45 cellular ...,
Aqueous mixture of nutrients salt...
7
cards
Topic 3 Circulatory System: Process of Blood Clotting
Platelets contract exposed collag...,
Both the platelets and damaged ti...,
Thromboplastin converts inactive ...
6
cards
Topic 3 Circulatory System: Fetal Circulation
Process that occurs both inside o...,
Oxygenated nutrient rich blood fr...,
Co2 stimulates baby s first breat...
3
cards
Topic 3 Circulatory System: Circulatory System Equations
Stroke volume volume of blood dis...,
Edv volume of blood in the ventri...,
Svr resistance controlled by vaso...
3
cards
Topic 3 Circulatory System: Other Blood Components
Blood antigen a mother might atta...,
Occur in the hepatic portal syste...,
Capillary bed pools into another ...
6
cards
Topic 4 Excretory System
Type of waste removal,
Maintenance of osmotic pressure o...,
Body is hypotonic to environment ...
4
cards
Topic 4 Excretory System: Invertebrate Excretion
All cells in contact with externa...,
Excrete co2 directly through mois...,
Possess flame cells flame bulbs w...
5
cards
Topic 4 Excretory System: Excretion in Humans
Co2 and h2o gas diffuse from the ...,
Largest internal organ that proce...,
Sweat glands in skin excrete wate...
4
cards
Topic 4 Excretory System: Nephrons
Composed of a renal corpuscle and...,
Contains glomerulus which acts as...,
1 proximal convoluted tubule pct ...
8
cards
Topic 4 Excretory System: Urine Formation
Fluid that goes through the glome...,
Glucose salts and amino acids are...,
Substances such as acids bases am...
5
cards
Topic 4 Excretory System: Different Notes
The macula densa an area of close...,
Created by entering and exiting o...,
Because descending loop is permea...
5
cards
Topic 5 Digestive System: Intracellular vs Extracellular Digestion
Occurs before excretion animals h...,
Takes place within cells and occu...,
Takes place outside cells usually...
3
cards
Topic 5 Digestive System: Unicellular Organisms and their Digestive Systems
Food capture via phagocytosis foo...,
Cilia sweep food into cytopharynx...
2
cards
Topic 5 Digestive System: Invertebrate Digestion
Rely on physical breakdown occurs...,
Hydra rely on intracellular and e...,
Earthworms have one way digestive...
5
cards
Topic 5 Digestive System: Digestion in Humans
Network of fat and connective tis...,
1 starches glucose2 proteins amin...,
Salivary amylase breaks down star...
22
cards
Topic 5 Digestive System: Small Intestine
Food goes from stomach to the sma...,
Duodenum jejunum ileum,
Continues breakdown of starches a...
8
cards
Topic 5 Digestive System: Pancreas
Secretes bicarbonate and acts as ...,
Trypsin chymotrypsin lipase pancr...,
Zymogens proenzymes inactive tryp...
5
cards
Topic 5 Digestive System: Liver
Produces bile which contains no e...,
Stored in gall bladder will flow ...,
Aqueous causes fat to clump up em...
5
cards
Topic 5 Digestive System: Large Intestine (colon)
Where water and salts are reabsor...,
1 major functions are water and e...,
Liver s bile and pancreatic diges...
3
cards
Topic 5 Digestive System: Hormones Involved in Digestive Process
Produced by stomach lining when f...,
Local peptide hormone from si pro...,
Secreted by small intestine in re...
5
cards
Topic 5 Digestive System: Hormones Involved in Hunger
Secreted from stomach wall initia...,
Secreted from adipose tissue inhi...,
Secreted from small intestine and...
5
cards
Topic 5 Digestive System: Digestion in Plants and Fungi
Have no digestive system but intr...,
Store primarily starch in seeds s...,
Several plants must obtain nutrie...
5
cards
Topic 5 Digestive System: Liver Functions
Liver receives blood from capilla...,
1 blood storage2 blood filtration...,
Kupfer cells specialized macropha...
14
cards
Topic 6 Nervous System
Highly complex system that is res...,
Includes brain spinal cord nerves...,
Consists of several dendrites a s...
14
cards
Topic 6 Nervous System: Three Types of Neurons
Receive stimulus from the environ...,
Located in spinal cord and brain ...,
Travel from the brain and stimula...
3
cards
Topic 6 Nervous System: Transmission of a Nerve Impulse
Electrical signal that is transmi...,
Normal unstimulated state of a ne...,
1 neuron membranes are selectivel...
14
cards
Topic 6 Nervous System: Transmission Across a Synapse
A signal is transmitted across a ...,
Electrical chemicaltypes of trans...,
Bidirectional action potential th...
15
cards
Topic 6 Nervous System: Neurotransmitters
Secreted at neuromuscular junctio...,
Glutamate neurotransmitter at the...,
Epinephrine norepinephrine dopami...
5
cards
Topic 6 Nervous System: Organization of the Nervous System
Afferent sensory and efferent mot...,
Has sensory components which conv...,
Convery sensory impulses from the...
3
cards
Topic 6 Nervous System: Central Nervous System
Consists of the interneurons brai...,
Meninges brain spinal cord brain ...,
Dura mater arachnoid meter space ...
40
cards
Topic 6 Nervous System: Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Consists of somatic and autonomic...,
Innervates skeletal muscle and ca...,
Responsible for involuntary movem...
18
cards
Topic 6 Nervous System: Types of Sensory Receptors
Touch,
Temperature,
Pain
6
cards
Topic 6 Nervous System: Nerves
All nerves not directly inside th...,
Extends from medulla oblongata an...,
Innervates lower limbs and pelvis
5
cards
Topic 6 Nervous System: Eye
Cornea focuses light pupil diamet...,
The eye is surrounded by the scle...,
Cones rods fovea
9
cards
Topic 6 Nervous System: Eye Disorders
Nearsightedness,
Farsightedness,
Irregularly shaped cornea
5
cards
Topic 6 Nervous System: Ear
Has three pain parts outer middle...,
Contains the auricle pinna and au...,
Amplifies sound the tympanic memb...
5
cards
Topic 7 Muscular System: Unicellular Locomotion
System consisting of smooth skele...,
Use cilia or flagella by means of...,
Extend pseudopodia in which the a...
3
cards
Topic 7 Muscular System: Invertebrate Locomotion
Flatworms contain longitudinal an...,
Advance by action of muscles on h...
2
cards
Topic 7 Muscular System: Muscular System
Muscle contraction can result in ...,
Skeletal cardiac and smooth,
Involved in voluntary movement an...
10
cards
Topic 7 Muscular System: Sarcomere
Structural unit of a myofibril in...,
Boundary of a single sarcomere an...,
Center of sarcomere
7
cards
Topic 7 Muscular System: Contraction
Can squeeze blood and lymph vesse...,
1 action potential of a neuron re...
2
cards
Topic 7 Muscular system: Sliding Filament Model
Initially myosin head is bound to...,
Binds to troponin pulls back trop...,
Between myosin heads and actin fi...
6
cards
Topic 7 Muscular System: Motor Unit
A motor unit is a neuron and the ...,
Smaller motor units tend to be ac...,
Recruitment occurs when a greater...
3
cards
Topic 7 Muscular System: Types of Muscle Response
Response of a single muscle fiber...,
A latent periodb contractionc rel...,
Time between stimulation and onse...
11
cards
Topic 7 Muscular System: Skeletal Muscle Types
A slow twitchb lots of myoglobinc...,
A fast twitchb lots of myoglobinc...,
A fast twitchb low myoglobin use ...
4
cards
Topic 7 Muscular System: Smooth Muscle
Mainly involuntary contains one c...,
Thick and thin filaments are atta...,
Single unit multi unit
6
cards
Topic 7 Muscular System: Cardiac Muscle
Has a striated appearance due to ...
1
cards
Topic 8 Skeletal System
Includes all bones and joints act...,
Hard covering on outer surface in...,
Vertebrate skeleton comprised of ...
14
cards
Topic 8 Skeletal System: Organization of Vertebrate System
Basic framework of the skeleton t...,
Bones of appendages pectoral and ...,
1 structures2 moveable joints3 ot...
18
cards
Topic 8 Skeletal System: Joint Types
Connects bones without allowing a...,
Bones are attached by cartilage a...,
Most common type of joint that al...
3
cards
Topic 8 Skeletal System: Bone Composition
1 osteoprogenitor osteogenic2 ost...,
Cells that are part of the mesenc...,
Secrete collagen and organic comp...
6
cards
Topic 8 Skeletal System: Bone Structure
Highly organized dense bone that ...,
A haversian canalsb lamellaec lac...,
Osteoclasts burrow tunnels that f...
11
cards
Topic 8 Skeletal System: Bone Formation
2 routes of bone formation both i...,
Cartilage turns into bone long bo...,
Undifferentiated connective tissu...
5
cards
Topic 9 Integumentary System: Functions of Skin
Made up of the skin hair glands a...,
Helps regulate body temperature b...,
Skin is physical barrier to abras...
8
cards
Topic 9 Integumentary System: Structure of the Skin
Superficial avascular epithelial ...,
A stratum corneumb stratum lucidu...,
25 30 dead layers of variable thi...
29
cards
Topic 10 Immune System: Review of Blood
Blood is a type of connective tis...,
Transport fatty acids and steroid...,
Will be discussed later
5
cards
Topic 10 Immune System: Animal Immunity Overview
The first line of defense is nons...,
Physical and hostile barrier cove...,
Lysozyme saliva tears which break...
7
cards
Topic 10 Immune System: Type of WBC (leukocytes)
All wbc s originate from stem cel...,
Engulf foreign particles bacteria...,
A neutrophilsb monocytesc eosinop...
11
cards
Topic 10 Immune System: Complement System
The complement system accomplishe...,
These are secreted by cells invad...
2
cards
Topic 10 Immune System: Inflammatory Response
A series of non specific events t...,
Is secreted by mast cells which a...,
Stimulated by histamine and incre...
6
cards
Topic 10 Immune System: Acquired/Adaptive Immunity
Adaptive immunity is the specific...,
The mechanism by which the immune...,
Primary agents of the immune resp...
25
cards
Topic 10 Immune System: Responses of Acquired/Adaptive Immune System
Effective against infected cells ...,
Responds to antigens or pathogens...
2
cards
Topic 10 Immune System: Comparing B cells and T cells
B cells can directly bind intact ...
1
cards
Topic 10 Immune System: Human Supplements to Immune System
Humans are able to enhance natura...,
Chemicals derived from bacteria a...,
Stimulate production of memory ce...
9
cards
Topic 10 Immune System: Recap of Humoral Response
We ve covered several responses s...
1
cards
Topic 10 Immune System: Paracrine System
In addition to neuronal and hormo...,
Locally acting autocrine paracrin...
2
cards
Topic 11 Endocrine System
Synthesizes and secreted hormones...,
Secreted enzymes into ducts gallb...,
Cell signaling where the target i...
5
cards
Topic 11 Endocrine System: Hormone Types
Synthesized in the rough er and m...,
Cleaved in er lumen to prohormone...,
They can move freely though blood...
13
cards
Topic 11 Endocrine System: Receptor Specificity
All hormones bind to receptors hi...,
Receptors can be on the membrane ...
2
cards
Topic 11 Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands
1 hypothalamus2 anterior pituitar...,
A monitors the external environme...,
Mainly regulates hormone producti...
55
cards
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DAT Bio Ch 3 Structure and Functions of Systems
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