EXAM 1: Pathophysiology

Outline the process of inflammation. Differentiate between the vascular and cellular phases of inflammation. Describe the local and systemic effects of inflammation on the body. Discuss the phases of tissue resolution and repair.

Chapter 8 + Chapter 27

Define common cellular adaptations based on general etiologies and cellular manifestations. Explain common etiologies of cellular injury. Summarize the effect hypoxia has on cell and tissue function. Compare and contrast cell death associated with necrosis vs apoptosis.

Define basic terms used in genetics. Compare and contrast single-gene, chromosomal, and multifactorial disorders. Summarize causes and manifestations of autosomal recessive, autosomal dominate, X-linked inheritance disorders, and mitochondrial gene disorders. Differentiate how environmental influences (such as teratogens) can affect embryo and fetal development.

Define cancer and its characteristics. Summarize the role of genetics in the proliferation and inhibition of cancer. Classify differences between benign and malignant neoplasms. Associate risk factors that contribute to the development of cancer. Summarize the general effects of cancer on the body and the way in which they are manifested. Categorize growth, progression, and staging of cancer(ous) tumors

Define immunodeficiency. Discuss different types of immune deficiencies. Differentiate the pathophysiology associated with each hypersensitivity (types I-IV) reactions including anaphylactic shock. Describe manifestations of altered immune function.

Describe the pathophysiology and manifestations of disorders of erythrocytes, including anemias (all types), and polycythemia. Describe the pathophysiology and manifestations of non-neoplastic and neoplastic disorders of leukocytes. Differentiate between types of cancer affecting the blood and lymphoid tissue (Hodgkin vs Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma; Multiple Myeloma). Describe the pathophysiology and manifestations of platelet disorders. Differentiate various bleeding disorders (Thrombocytopenia [ITP,

Describe the intracellular and extracellular mechanisms for buffering changes in body pH. Compare the roles of the kidneys and respiratory system in regulation of acid-base balance. Differentiate between respiratory and metabolic alkalosis; and respiratory and metabolic acidosis. Describe causes of respiratory and metabolic acidosis; and metabolic and respiratory alkalosis. Compare and contrast the etiology and clinical manifestations of metabolic and respiratory acidosis and of metabolic and re