immunopathology

* Review classifications of autoimmune diseases * To understand the contribution of genetics to disease susceptibility * To understand that exposure to infection and environmental sensors influence autoimmune diseases

- to review evidence for the role of CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmunity - To understand current hypotheses for the initiation of autoimmunity at the level of immune recognition - To learn about cellular mechanisms underlying common patterns of disease

- to review the function of different leukocytes in organ-specific autoimmunity - to understand how knowledge of the cellular immunology relates to treatment strategies

- Categorise different immunotherapeutic by therapeutic target, explaining the benefits and limitations of different approaches for the treatment of autoimmune disease - Appraise the antigen-specific immunotherapeutic approach comparing this therapeutic strategy with non-antigen specific approaches to treating autoimmunity

- Describe the clinical features of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the key players (e.g., cells, autoantibodies and cytokines) involved in joint inflammation and damage - Discuss risk factors and early immunological events associated with the evolution of RA in patients - Compare how different inflammatory cytokines direct joint inflammation and erosive tissue damage in rheumatoid arthritis - Appraise regulatory cytokines as potential new therapies for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis -

- Outline the Key features of asthma - Categorise different risk factors for asthma - Compare hypotheses explaining changes in asthma prevalence - Describe different stages of allergic asthma and explain the underlying immune response characteristic of each

- Explain the long term consequences of asthma (immunopathology) - Describe the contribution of innate and adaptive immune cells to the spectrum of asthma endotypes, driving type 2 and non type 2 responses - Explain how our understanding of the immune processes underlying asthma immunopathology has informed the development of new therapies for the treatment of asthma

- Understand and define the concept of immune tolerance, particularly in the context of the immune system's response to food antigens. - Explain the basic components and functions of the mucosal immune system, including the mucosal structure and relevant immune cells.

- Understand the concepts of mucosal immunity and its importance in vaccine development - Explain the differences between mucosal vaccines and traditional injectable vaccines in terms of administration, mechanism of action and advantages - Describe the challenges and barriers associated with developing effective mucosal vaccines - Discuss the various mucosal vaccine delivery routes and their advantages and limitations

• To describe the characteristics and global burden of dengue • To describe the host adaptive immune response to dengue virus • To describe the role of altered adaptive immune responses in dengue pathology (antibody-dependent enhancement and original antigenic sin)

• To appreciate the challenges around dengue vaccine design • To describe pros & cons of the different vaccine platforms • To evaluate the most suitable vaccine platform for the design of a dengue vaccine • To describe the current landscape for dengue vaccines

1. Describe the key concepts in vaccinology 2. Understand and evaluate the important milestones of vaccinology • Technological advancements • Types of vaccine • Current schedule (UK) 3. Describe the benefits and limitations associated with different vaccine types/strategies

1. Describe and analyse some of the key current challenges in vaccinology 2. Describe the recent and emerging new developments in vaccinology 3. Explore the possible future directions for vaccinology

1. Tumours need to activate resident innate immunity. How? 2. Dendritic cells need to activate adaptive immunity in the tumour draining lymph nodes. What do T cells recognise? 3. Innate and adaptive immune cells need to infiltrate tumours. Do they? Which immune cells do? 4. The tumour microenvironment interacts with the immune system. How?

In general: Start with the key questions and principles - then add examples and detail Key mechanisms of suppression Key metabolites and cells using them Cells that generate adenosine and how they do it, one example of escape Key mechanisms of inhibitory receptor function For CTLA-4, PD-1 and TIM-3: Which cells express them and their ligands, when and where in an immune response, examples of their function