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Elena .M
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Decks in this class (90)
1. REPRODUCTION AND INHERITANCE
1 what are living organisms disti...,
2 do children literally inherit p...,
3 how do offspring acquire genes ...
31
cards
2. THE LAW OF SEGREGATION
1 what is hybridization,
2 how did mendel use hybridization,
3 what is another name for true b...
35
cards
3. GENOTYPE VS PHENOTYPE
1 do an organism s traits always ...,
2 in which two forms can the geno...,
3 what method can we use to deter...
21
cards
4. DEGREES OF DOMINANCE
1 what are the three degrees of d...,
2 what is complete dominance,
3 what is incomplete dominance
38
cards
5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON PHENOTYPES
1 what are 3 external and interna...,
2 what are multifactorial characters,
3 do all phenotypes for a charact...
35
cards
6. SICKLE CELL DISEASE
1 what kind of disease is sickle ...,
2 what is the statistic for the a...,
3 what causes sickle cell disease
31
cards
7. SEX CHROMOSOME LINKED DISORDERS
1,
2 what can be said about the symp...,
3 what are most sex chromosome li...
41
cards
8. LOCATING GENES ALONG CHROMOSOMES
1 what are mendel s hereditary fa...,
2 what is a gene locus,
3 what technique can we use to se...
34
cards
9. Y-LINKED GENES AND DISORDERS
1 what is the sry gene,
2 what does an absence of the sry...,
3 what do rare abnormalities in t...
35
cards
10. UNLINKED GENES
1 what are non parental phenotypes,
2 what are parental types,
3 what are recombinants
25
cards
11. CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES
1 what do large scale chromosomal...,
2 what are the two types of chrom...,
3 are most of the genes in our bo...
23
cards
12. HUMAN DISORDERS DUE TO CHROMOSOMAL ALTERATIONS
1 what are some serious disorders...,
2 do all types of aneuploidy upse...,
3 what are the 3 types of common ...
43
cards
13. GENETIC DISORDERS AND CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES
1 name the 6 types of genetic dis...,
2 list the 5 types autosomal rece...,
3 list the 2
20
cards
14. THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE
1 what happened with dna during t...,
2 what did thomas hunt morgan s r...,
3 which 2 compounds of chromosome...
36
cards
15. CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE
1 what are chromosomes,
2 what are bacterial chromosomes,
3 what are eukaryotic chromosomes
27
cards
16. HISTONES
1 what can histones undergo,
2 what kind of gene expression ch...,
3 what are epigenetics
13
cards
17. DNA REPLICATION AND REPAIR
1 what is the benefit of having 2...,
2 what is the semiconservative mo...,
3 what happens after the parent m...
32
cards
18. ANTIPARALLEL ELONGATION
1 in which order do dna polymeras...,
2 does this diagram of a replicat...,
3 what does dna polymerase iii co...
18
cards
19. TELOMERES
1 what are telomeres,
2 what do telomeres consist of,
3 what is the role of telomeres
24
cards
20. PROOFREADING
1 when can replication errors occur,
2 what is proofreading,
3 how does proofreading work
36
cards
21. MUTATIONS
1 what are mutations,
2 what are mutations a source of,
3 what types of mutations can we ...
7
cards
22. PEDIGREE ANALYSIS TUTORIAL
1 what is a pedigree,
2 what do pedigrees help to trace,
3 what do pedigrees predict
4
cards
23. THE GENETIC CODE
1 what is the central dogma of fl...,
2 who first proposed the central ...,
3 what is a central dogma
20
cards
24. CODONS
1 how many amino acids are there,
2 how many nucleotide sequences a...,
3 how many nucleotide bases corre...
16
cards
25. RNA STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
1 what does rna stand for,
2 what do ribonucleotides consist of,
3
31
cards
26. ELONGATION
1 what happens during transcripti...,
2 how many nucleotides are added ...,
3 how can we produce large amount...
23
cards
27. RIBOZYMES
1 what are ribozymes,
2 where are ribozymes found,
3 what role do riboenzymes have
19
cards
28. RIBOSOMES
1 what do ribosomes consist of,
2 what do ribosomes do,
3 what can be said about the effe...
20
cards
29. ELONGATION OF TRANSLATION
1 what happens during elongation,
2 what does each addition of an a...,
3 what are the 3 steps of the elo...
21
cards
30. POST TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS
1 what are post translational mod...,
2 what is protein targeting,
3 how do polypeptides achieve the...
12
cards
31. REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION
1 what do prokaryotes and eukaryo...,
2 what does gene expression regul...,
3 what do rna molecules do
24
cards
32. INDUCIBLE OPERONS
1 what is a lac operon,
2 what can be said about the stat...,
3 what happens when the lactose i...
9
cards
33. POSITIVE GENE REGULATION
1 what is positive gene regulation,
2 what is the activator of transc...,
3 give an example of an activator...
11
cards
34. EUKARYOTIC GENE EXPRESSION
1 what does gene expression do in...,
2,
3 what can be said about almost a...
22
cards
35. HISTONE MODIFICATIONS
1 what are 2 types of histone mod...,
2 what implements histone acetyla...,
3 what do the histone acetylation...
23
cards
36. PROMOTERS
1 what is a promoter,
2 where are promoters found,
3 what are control elements
21
cards
37. CO-EXPRESSION OF GENES
1 what can be said about function...,
2 what does the polycistronic mrn...,
3 what can be said about eukaryot...
19
cards
38. INITIATION OF TRANSLATION
1 what can be said about the tran...,
2 what can block the initiation o...,
3 what are the 4 aspects of prote...
11
cards
39. NON-CODING RNA
1 what happens to non coding dna,
2 what is the function of the non...,
3 what are micrornas
8
cards
40. CANCER
1 what is cancer,
2 what causes carcinogenesis,
3 what causes cancer
20
cards
41. THE HER2 ONCOGENE
1 what does the her2 gene encode for,
2 what is her2 binded to,
3 what does her2 need to function
22
cards
42. PROKARYOTES
1 what are the 3 categories that ...,
2 what do domain bacteria and dom...,
3 what 4 kingdoms is the domain e...
33
cards
43. PROKARYOTES
1 what do prokaryotes consist of,
2 which replicates faster eukaryo...,
3 which 2 domains are prokaryotes...
19
cards
44. NOMENCLATURE OF MICRO-ORGANISMS
1 how do we name bacteria,
2 how does binomial nomenclature ...,
3 what was the first organism on ...
19
cards
45. CELL SURFACE STRUCTURES
1 what are the 4 cell wall functi...,
2 what are bacterial cell walls m...,
3 what are peptidoglycans
24
cards
46. CAPSULE
1 define a capsule,
2 what is the capsule associated ...,
3 define virulence
13
cards
47. CONJUGATION
1 what is conjugation,
2 what kind of direction does con...,
3 what is conjugation used for
22
cards
48. FLAGELLA
1 what is the purpose of flagella,
2 how are the flagella placed on ...,
3 what can be said about differen...
24
cards
49. CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE
1 what is another term for the cy...,
2 what is the cytoplasmic membran...,
3 what are the 4 phospholipids th...
25
cards
50. ENDOSPORES
1 some prokaryotes are sporogenic...,
2 under which conditions do endos...,
3 list 3 characteristics of endos...
18
cards
51. GENETIC RECOMBINATION OF PROKARYOTES
1 what is genetic recombination,
2 what is horizontal gene transfer,
3 what 3 methods can join togethe...
19
cards
52. OXYGEN METABOLISM
1 what are the 3 categories that ...,
2 what are obligate aerobes,
3 what are obligate anaerobes
13
cards
53. ARCHAEA
1 what do archaea morphologically...,
2 which conditions can we often f...,
3 what are the 3 types of extremo...
16
cards
54. ALPHA PROTEOBACTERIA
1 what are many species of the al...,
2 define the endosymbiotic theory,
3 name 2 semi independent organelles
26
cards
55. EPSILON PROTEOBACTERIA
1 is epsilon proteobacteria mostl...,
2 what are 2 examples of epsilon ...,
3 what is campylobacter
20
cards
56. GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA
1 what kind of species can we fin...,
2 list the 9 pathogenic species t...,
3 what are
36
cards
57. PROKARYOTE ROLE IN THE BIOSPHERE
1 what are the prokaryotes two ma...,
2 what is chemical recycling,
3 what are decomposers
24
cards
58. PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
1 name the 8 common pathogenic ba...,
2 what does staphy,
3 what is mrsa
27
cards
59. PROTISTS
1 what are protists,
2 what are the 2 types of protists,
3 what is an example of protozoa
21
cards
60. SUPERGROUPS EXCAVATES
1 what are supergroup excavates c...,
2 what are the 3 excavate subgroups,
3 what is an examples of diplomonads
27
cards
61. SUPERGROUP SAR
1 what does sar stand for,
2 what are alveolates,
3 what groups do alveolates include
25
cards
62. STRAMENOPILES
1 what the 4 subgroups of stramen...,
2 what are dinoflagellates,
3 what are diatoms
12
cards
63. RHIZARIA
1 what are 3 examples of rhizaria,
2 what organisms make up the rhiz...,
3 what are pseudopodia
4
cards
64. SUPERGROUP ARCHAEPLASTIDS
1 what organisms does the supergr...,
2 what are the protist groups of ...,
3 what are 2 examples of green algae
5
cards
65. SUPERGROUP UNIKONTS
1 what are the 2 main groups of t...,
2 what are amoebozoans,
3 what are the 3 kinds of amoeboz...
27
cards
66. FUNGI
1 what kind of cellular compositi...,
2 what is one type of unicellular...,
3 what are some examples of multi...
34
cards
67. FUNGAL REPRODUCTION
1 what do all kinds of fungi produce,
2 what happens during asexual rep...,
3 what is budding
15
cards
68. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
1 what can be said about the stru...,
2 define fungal sexual reproduction,
3 how do fungi communicate with t...
21
cards
69. ZYGOMYCETES
1 what phylum do zygomycetes belo...,
2 what kind of species do zygomyc...,
3 what are zygomycetes named after
26
cards
70. BASIDIOMYCETES
1 what phylum do basidiomycetes b...,
2 what kind of structure do basid...,
3 define what the basidia basidiu...
6
cards
71. FUNCTIONS OF FUNGI
1 what three roles can fungi play...,
2 what do fungi do when they act ...,
3 what is an example of a complex...
11
cards
72. PATHOGENIC FUNGI
1 what can be said about 30 of fungi,
2 what are the 3 main groups of p...,
3 what do pathogenic zygomycetes ...
18
cards
73. MYCOSES
1 define mycoses,
2 what are the 4 major types of h...,
3 what is superficial cutaneous m...
20
cards
74. OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSES
1 what is meant by the term oppor...,
2 what causes opportunistic mycoses,
3 when d
5
cards
75. INDUSTRIAL AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF FUNGI
1 what are 3 industrial and thera...,
2 what is an example of an antibi...,
3 what are 2 kinds of ascomycetes...
17
cards
76. VIRUSES
1 define phages,
2 list 5 characteristics of viruses,
6 what is the sizer of viruses
29
cards
77. THE VIRAL REPLICATIVE CYCLE
1 what are viruses,
2 where do viruses replicate,
3 what are the 3 main stages of t...
23
cards
78. VIRUS REPLICATION IN THE HOST CELL
1 name 3 examples of single stran...,
2 when it comes to dna viruses ho...,
3 when it comes to rna viruses ho...
22
cards
79. RETROVIRUS REPLICATIVE CYCLE
1 define retroviruses,
2 what is an example of a retrovirus,
3 what is the retrovirus dogma
30
cards
80. VIRAL DISEASES IN ANIMALS
1 what do viruses do to their hos...,
2 what are four mechanisms in whi...,
3 define cell lysis
20
cards
81. EMERGING VIRUSES
1 define emerging viruses,
2 what causes flu epidemics,
3 what has caused the spread of n...
31
cards
82. MAJOR HUMAN VIRAL DISEASES
1 which viruses cause the common ...,
2 what are the four kinds of herp...,
3 what are the two different type...
33
cards
83. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)
1 when was hiv discovered,
2 what are the two types of hiv,
3 what cell in the body does hiv ...
37
cards
84. NON CONVENTIONAL VIRUSES
1 what are two types of non conve...,
2 define viroids,
3 define prions
18
cards
85. THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES
1 before darwin what were the tra...,
2 what was aristotle s view about...,
3 what did the old testament have...
20
cards
86. DARWIN'S THEORIES
1 what did charle s darwin do in ...,
2 define evolution,
3 what is the origin of species t...
19
cards
87. ARTIFICIAL SELECTION, NATURAL SELECTION & ADAPTATION
1 what is artificial selection,
2 wild mustard is a plant it has ...,
3 what did darwin propose when it...
25
cards
88. THE SCIENCE BEHIND EVOLUTION
1 what have new discoveries regar...,
2 list the 4 different types of s...,
3 list examples of direct observa...
21
cards
89. HOMOLOGY
1 define homology,
2 what are the 2 types of homology,
3 what are anatomical homologies
22
cards
90. CONVERGENT EVOLUTION
1 what is convergent evolution,
2 when do analogous traits arise,
3 what does convergent evolution ...
21
cards
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MED 109- BIOLOGY II
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