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Miguel Acosta
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Decks in this class (97)
1.1.1 Basic Principles and Techniques (Lab Mathematics)
Basic units and conversions 1,
Basic units and conversions 2,
Basic units and conversions 3
18
cards
1.1.2 Basic Principles and Techniques (Expressions of Reagent Concentration)
Molarity is moles per kg solvent 1,
What is the formula for molarity 2,
If g dl is given what is the form...
30
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1.1.3 Basic Principles and Techniques (Units and Conversion Factors)
Conventional unit for electrolytes 1,
All conventional unit has a unit ...,
All si unit has a unit of molar 3
44
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1.1.3.EX. CONVERSION FACTOR FOR ANALYTEST (MUST MEMORIZE)
Conversion factor for glucose 180 1,
Conversion factor for urea 60 2,
Conversion factor for bun 28 3
23
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1.1.4 Basic Principles and Techniques (Laboratory statistics, Gaussian curve))
Most commonly used a mean b media...,
It corresponds to the center of g...,
Midpoint of a data set after the ...
22
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1.1.5 Basic Principles and Techniques (Reference interval studies, Method Evaluation)
Reference interval derives from 1,
Done to confirm the validity of a...,
Also known as transference study 3
27
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1.1.6 Basic Principles and Techniques (Quality Assurance: Lab testing process, QC)
Quality management quality assura...,
Include test requisition patient ...,
One of the essential aspects in t...
23
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1.1.7 Basic Principles and Techniques (Quality Assurance: Analytical Variation)
Due to chance and not recur 1,
Predictable pattern that may recur 2,
Random error affects 3
41
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1.2.1 Blood Collection and Specimen Consideration
Most common site of puncture for ...,
Order of preference of veins when...,
Site of puncture for venipuncture...
30
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1.2.2 Blood Collection and Specimen Consideration (Categories of Additives)
What is the most preferred specim...,
If serum cannot be used in cc wha...,
Least interference in cc 3
35
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1.2.3 Blood Collection and Specimen Consideration (Order of draw for ETS))
Order of draw for ets 1,
Why ets order of draw is being fo...,
All anticoagulants are inverted _...
4
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1.2.4 Blood Collection and Specimen Consideration (Capillary puncture)
Capillary puncture is used in 1,
Site of puncture for capillary pu...,
Site of puncture for capillary pu...
16
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1.2.5 Blood Collection and Specimen Consideration (Arterial puncture)
Arterial puncture is usually used...,
What is the chronological order f...,
What test is first done when perf...
22
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1.2.6 Blood Collection and Specimen Consideration (Preanalytical Variables)
Age a uncontrollable factors b co...,
Gender a uncontrollable factors b...,
Smoking a uncontrollable factors ...
47
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1.3.1 Laboratory Equipment and Supplies (Glasses)
Pyrex kimax a borosilicate b alum...,
Vycor a borosilicate b aluminosil...,
Corex a borosilicate b aluminosil...
19
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1.3.2 Laboratory Equipment and Supplies (Glass pipettes)
Design exact volume it holds a to...,
Design holds but does not deliver...,
Drainage characteristics 3
15
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1.3.3 Laboratory Equipment and Supplies (Semi automatic pipettes and Centrifuge))
Uses suction to draw sample 1,
Tips must be rinsed out reusable 2,
Operates like a hypodermic syringe 3
25
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1.4.1 Reagents
American chemical society grade 1,
High degree of purity suitable fo...,
For specific procedures such as c...
20
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SEM (Analytical techniques and Instrumentation, Pt 1)
What made spectrophotometry possi...,
Visible light a 400 nm b 400 700 ...,
Uv a 400 nm b 400 700 nm c 700 nm 3
73
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SEM (Analytical techniques and Instrumentation, Pt 2)
Designed to compensate for variou...,
Has 2 cuvettes and 2 photodetecto...,
Has a chopper that alternately pa...
60
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2.1.1 Carbohydrates
Which of the following has a char...,
Which of the following has a char...,
Which of the following has a char...
53
cards
2.1.2 Carbohydrates Disorders
Hypoglycemic disorders 1,
Post absorptive occurs 2,
Insulinoma is most noted in post ...
49
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2.1.3 Carbohydrates (Test and Diagnostic criteria for DM)
Or equal to 45 years old screenin...,
Or equal to 1 risk factor screeni...,
Can be used to screen and monitor...
25
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2.1.4 Carbohydrates (Test and Diagnostic criteria for GDM)
Usually used for low to moderate ...,
Usually used for high risk woman 2,
One step method 2h ___g ogtt 3
12
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2.1.5 Carbohydrates (Tests for Monitoring Glycemic Control)
Most commonly analyzed using poct...,
In whole blood glucose _______ ti...,
In whole blood glucose it is abou...
17
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2.1.6 Carbohydrates (Chemical Methods)
In copper reduction what is the c...,
Benedict s reaction the in copper...,
Copper reduction is a specific te...
45
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2.1.7 Carbohydrates (Inborn errors of CHO metabolism))
Due to a deficiency of the enzyme...,
Galactosemia can be detected in n...,
2 types of glycogen storage disea...
6
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2.2.1 Lipids and Lipoproteins (Components of Lipoproteins, Significant Apolipoproteins))
Which of the following are surfac...,
Surface lipoprotein are hydrophob...,
Phospholipid and non esterified c...
31
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2.2.2 Lipids and Lipoproteins (Major classes of lipoproteins))
Density 093 a chylomicron b vldl ...,
Density 093 1006 a chylomicron b ...,
Density 1006 1019 a chylomicron b...
47
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2.2.3 Lipids and Lipoproteins (Minor and Abnormal lipoproteins)
Lipolytic product of vldl catabol...,
Sinking pre beta lipoprotein 2,
High cholesterol content seen in ...
14
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2.2.4 Lipids and Lipoproteins (Fredrickson Classification of Hyperlipoproteinemias)
Particle cm a type 1 b type 2a c ...,
Particle cm vldl a type 1 b type ...,
Particle vldl a type 1 b type 2a ...
25
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2.2.5 Lipids and Lipoproteins (Hypolipoproteinemias)
The main cause of hypolipoprotein...,
Also known as bassen kornzweig sy...,
An autosomal dominant disorder ca...
9
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2.2.6 Plasma Lipid Analysis (Analytical Method, Cholesterol)
The following are chemical method...,
Cholesterol ester h2o alcoholic k...,
Uses ferric chloride or ions as r...
28
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2.2.7 Plasma Lipid Analysis (Analytical Method, Triglyceride)
Triglyceride does not require fas...,
Chemical method triglyceride h2o ...,
Final product of detecting trigly...
15
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2.2.8 Plasma Lipid Analysis (Analytical Method, Lipoprotein Cholesterol)
Gold standard for lipoprotein sep...,
Hdl c is used in a ultracentrifug...,
Ultracentrifuge involves adjustin...
20
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2.3.1 Nonprotein Nitrogen Compounds (Urea)
Urea is the lowest concentration ...,
Urea comprises of __________ of n...,
Urea is formed in the ______ from...
25
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2.3.2 Nonprotein Nitrogen Compounds (Creatinine)
Creatinine comprises ____ of tota...,
Creatinine is formed from ______ ...,
The concentration of creatinine i...
33
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2.3.3 Nonprotein Nitrogen Compounds (Uric Acid)
Uric acid constitutes _______ of ...,
Uric acid is a product of purine ...,
Uric acid is soluble in plasma 3
20
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2.3.4 Nonprotein Nitrogen Compounds (Ammonia)
Ammonia constitutes 02 of plasma ...,
Ammonia is neurotoxic in nature 2,
Ammonia is produced from the cata...
11
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2.4.1 Proteins (Essentail and Non essential, General properties, and Levels of Structure)
Building blocks of proteins 1,
What are the essential proteins 2,
What are the non essential protei...
12
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2.4.2 Proteins (Protein electrophoresis)
Sample used in protein electropho...,
Serum samples are applied close t...,
All of this are supporting media ...
18
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2.4.3 Proteins (Serum protein Fractions)
Indicator of malnutrition 1,
Major contributor to plasma oncot...,
Binds transport t4 as transthyret...
47
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2.4.3.1 Proteins (Serum protein Fractions, Paextra ni Sir)
Albumin is synthesize by the 1,
Used in assessing the synthetic f...,
Important marker disease marker b...
17
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2.4.4 Proteins (Clinical Sig. of Abnormal protein levels)
Nephrotic syndrome blood loss ext...,
Mulitple myeloma wadenstrom s mac...,
Malnutrition or malabsorption 3
8
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2.4.5 Proteins (Miscellaneous Proteins of Medical Importance)
Gold standard for acute coronary ...,
Bnp and nt probnp used as markers...,
Negative predictor of acute myoca...
14
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2.4.6 Proteins (Lab determination of Proteins)
Measures refractive index due to ...,
Ultimate reference method based o...,
Change in optical density followi...
19
cards
2.5.1 Assessment of Liver Function (Functions of the liver)
Functions of the liver includes 1,
To assess liver function _______ ...,
Coagulation factors can be use to...
20
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2.5.2 Assessment of Liver Function (Forms of Bilirubin in Plasma)
Origin pre hepatic hemolytic 1,
Origin post hepatic obstructive 2,
Solubility insoluble 3
15
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2.5.3 Assessment of Liver Function (Bilirubin Metabolism)
Bilirubin b1 is first transported...,
Upon entering the hepatocyte b1 i...,
Conjugated bilirubin b2 is then _...
6
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2.5.4 Assessment of Liver Function (Derangements of Bilirubin Metabolism)
Increase b1 decrease delivery and...,
Increase b2 due to intrahepatic o...,
Increase b1 and b2 due to a combi...
35
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2.5.5 Assessment of Liver Function (Bilirubin determination))
Bilirubin should avoid exposure t...,
Colorimetric spectrophotometrci m...,
Diazo reagents a 01 sulfanilic ac...
21
cards
3.1.1 Enzymology Intro (Properties and Classes of Enzymes)
Enzymes are biological protein ca...,
Enzymes can be found in all body ...,
Enzymes act by lowering the activ...
18
cards
3.1.2 Enzymology Intro (Enzyme kinetics)
E s es p e 1,
E s a first order kinetics b zero...,
S e a first order kinetics b zero...
19
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3.1.3 Enzymology Intro (MEasurement of Enzyme activity and Other factors that influence enzymatic reactions)
Iu and katal is used for expressi...,
Which among is traditional or con...,
Which among is si unit 3
44
cards
3.2.1.1 Clinical Enzymology (Creatine Kinase)
Tissue sources includes 1,
Creatinine pronounced elevation a...,
Creatinine pronounced elevation a...
21
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3.2.1.2 Clinical Enzymology (Creatine Kinase, CK determination)
Ck specimen consideration includes 1,
Which among the 3 types of ck is ...,
Reverse reaction a tanzer gilvard...
12
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3.2.2.1 Clinical Enzymology (Lactate Dehydrogenase)
Lactate dehydrogenase ldh is the ...,
Since ldh is ubiquitous it is the...,
Ldh is a tetra peptide meaning it...
25
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3.2.2.2 Clinical Enzymology (Lactate Dehydrogenase, LD determination)
Ldh specimen consideration 1,
Ldh is the most affected enzyme b...,
Which among the isoenzymes of ldh...
21
cards
3.2.3.1 Clinical Enzymology (Aminotransferases/Transaminases)
Tissue sources includes 1,
Tissue sources includes 2,
Acute hepatocellular disorders mo...
15
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3.2.3.2 Clinical Enzymology (Aminotransferases/Transaminases, AST/ALT Determination)
Specimen consideration for ast al...,
In reitman frankel it is a colori...,
Uses 2 4 dinitrophenulhydrazine a...
15
cards
3.2.4.1 Clinical Enzymology (Alkaline Phosphatase)
Tissue sources includes 1,
Pronounced elevation of alp is mo...,
Hepative biliary disorders bile d...
23
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3.2.4.2 Clinical Enzymology (Alkaline Phosphatase, ALP Determination)
Specimen consideration for alkali...,
Reference method for alkaline pho...,
What is being determined in bower...
7
cards
3.2.5.1 Clinical Enzymology (Pancreatic Enzymes)
Tissue sources includes 1,
Diagnostic significance 2,
Tissue sources includes 3
9
cards
3.2.5.2 Clinical Enzymology (Pancreatic enzymes, Amylase determination)
Specimen consideration for amylas...,
Pain relievers induce microsomal ...,
Decrease in color of starch iodin...
8
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3.2.5.3 Clinical Enzymology (Pancreatic enzymes, Lipase determination)
Specimen consideration of lipase ...,
Use of olive oil as substrate tha...,
Measures the rate of clearing as ...
7
cards
3.2.6 Clinical Enzymology (Miscellaneous Enzymes)
Alcoholic liver disease microsoma...,
Uses szasz method a gamma glutamy...,
Best alcoholic marker 3
33
cards
3.3.1 Electrolytes and Blood gases (Regulatory factos, Functions, and Instrumentation)
Stimulates water absorption prima...,
Released from the myocardial atri...,
In raas angiotensinogen ____ angi...
48
cards
3.3.2 Electrolytes (Sodium)
Major extracellular anion 1,
Major intracellular cation 2,
Major extracellular cation 3
43
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3.3.3 Electrolytes (Potassium)
Potassium is major intracellular ...,
Potassium is greatly affected by ...,
Potassium normal _________ serum ...
28
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3.3.4 Electrolytes (Chloride)
Chloride passively follows what e...,
If sodium decrease chloride decre...,
When it comes to cellular shift 3
19
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3.3.5 Electrolytes (Magnesium)
Essential cofactor of 300 enzymes 1,
Magnesium is a intracellular cati...,
Magnesium is 2nd most abundant in...
21
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3.3.6 Electrolytes (Calcium)
Calcium homeostasis are regulated...,
Promotes calcium by bone resorpti...,
Promotes calcium by reabsorption ...
33
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3.3.7 Electrolytes (Phosphate)
Phosphate is a major intracellula...,
Phosphate is the component of sev...,
Phosphate is usually measured as ...
20
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3.4.1 Osmolality and Osmolal Gap
Osmolality is measured clinically...,
Osmolality is based on the measur...,
When calculating osmolality these...
12
cards
3.5.1 Anion Gap
Cation gap is used as a form of q...,
May be used to distinguish betwee...,
Normochloremic low anion gap 3
20
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3.6.1 Acid-Base Homeostasis
Substance that can yield hydrogen...,
Substance that can yield hydroxyl...,
Proton acceptor a acid b base 3
23
cards
3.7.1 Arterial Blood Gas Analysis
Specimen for abga 1,
Arterial blood collected with tou...,
Preferred site for arterial blood...
37
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3.7.2 Arterial Blood Gas Analysis (Acid-Base Disorders)
Major causes copds hypoventilatio...,
Major causes anxiety hyperventila...,
Major causes nahco3 overdose a me...
12
cards
4.1.1 Endocrinology
Chemical messenger is synthesized...,
Most hormones are produced by end...,
A hormone regulates its affect lo...
30
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4.1.2 Endocrinology (HPT axis)
Interrelationships among the hypo...,
Inhibitory a positive feedback b ...,
Stimulatory a positive feedback b...
11
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4.2.1 Major Hormones (Hypothalamus)
The following are releasing stimu...,
Stimulates release of acth 2,
Stimulates release of fsh and lh 3
7
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4.2.2 Major Hormones (Pituitary Gland)
Also known as master gland 1,
Pituitary gland is connected to t...,
Connects hypothalamus and pituita...
30
cards
4.2.3.1 Major Hormones (Thyroid Gland)
A butterfly shaped organ consisti...,
In thyroid gland each lobe consis...,
Follicles are spheres of thyroid ...
21
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4.2.3.2 Major Hormones (Thyroid Gland, Lab diagnosis)
Most important test of thyroid fu...,
Relative estimate of free t4 conc...,
Reflects the quantity of tbg thyr...
21
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4.2.4.1 Major Hormones (Adrenal Hormones)
Steroid adrenal hormones are synt...,
Dhea dehydroepiandrosterone and a...,
Catecholamines are synthesized in...
22
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4.2.4.2 Major Hormones (Adrenal Hormones, Lab Diag)
Urine free cortisol collected ove...,
Acth stimulation cortrosyn test 2,
Urine homovanillic acid 3
14
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4.2.5.1 Major Hormones (Gonadal Hormones)
Gonadal hormones are also steroid...,
Adrenal cortical and gonadal horm...,
It has the same precursors molecu...
6
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4.2.5.2 Major Hormones (Gonadal Hormones, Male)
Location of male gonadal hormone 1,
Testes contains leydig cells a se...,
Testes contains germ cells and se...
18
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4.2.5.3 Major Hormones (Gonadal Hormones, Female)
Location of female gonadal hormon...,
Location of female gonadal hormon...,
In ovaries approximately 400 000 ...
25
cards
4.3.1 Tumor markers
Characteristics of an ideal tumor...,
Characteristics of an ideal tumor...,
Characteristics of an ideal tumor...
34
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4.4.1 Toxicology
It is the highest point which cor...,
It is the lowest concentration ac...,
It is the time required for the c...
13
cards
4.4.2 Toxicology (Instrumentation)
A semi quantitative screening tes...,
Rg is the distance migrated by a ...,
For insufficiently volatile and t...
15
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4.4.3 Toxicology (Specimen Consideration)
Specimen is establish steady stat...,
Stat sampling when toxicity is su...,
In peak specimen _ hour after ora...
5
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4.4.4 Toxicology (Drug that Requires TDM)
Digoxin a analgesics b cardioacti...,
Acetylsalicylate aspirin 2,
Acetaminophen tyenol 3
55
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4.4.5 Toxicology (Illicit Drug)
Marijuana a stimulants b hallucin...,
Amphetamines a stimulants b hallu...,
Cocaine a stimulants b hallucinog...
35
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4.4.6 Toxicology (Other Substances and Poisons)
Classified as cns depressant 1,
Produces acute ethanol like sympt...,
Causes metabolic acidosis and ren...
26
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4.4.7 Toxicology (Heavy Metals)
Which of the following are not he...,
Causes renal tubular damage 2,
Has high affinity for keratin 3
10
cards
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