Physiology

Objectives: 1. List the major fluid compartments and their relative size 2. list the major chemical components of cell membranes 3. State the major functions of a cell membrane. 4. List the types of membrane junctions that can be formed by cells. 5. Indicate the directions of passive net flux of a substance of known concentration. 6. Explain the dependence of flux magnitude on concentration difference, temperature, molecule mass, and surface area. 7. Identify the factors in Fick's Law. 8

1. State the molecular mechanism of protein-mediated transport across a cell membrane. 2. List the properties of protein-mediated transport. 3. List the determinants of flux magnitude. 4. List the types of protein-mediated transport and the driving force for each. 5. indicate the direction of water movement across a cell membrane for a given extracellular fluid tonicity. 6. Explain the difference between tonicity and osmolarity.

1. Describe a graded potential 2. State how stimulus polarity and magnitude affect a graded potential. 3. Define spatial and temporal summation of graded potentials. 4. List the sequence of membrane permeability changes responsible for an action potential. 5. Define absolute and relative refractory periods. 6. Describe how some anesthetics can block nerve activity.

1. Write Ohm's law, define the factors, and state an analogy for each factor 2. Calculate the equilibrium potential for an ion at 37C 3. State the fundamental reason for the passive segregation of ions across a cell membrane 4. State the role of active transport in the segregation of ions across a cell membrane 5. List the relative intracellular and extracellular concentration of the major ions 6. State why the resting membrane potential is often near the potassium equilibrium potential 7.

1. Define the necessary condition for an action potential to propagate along a membrane. 2. List 2 examples demonstrating the importance of refractoriness to organized action potential propagation. 3. State the role of pacemaker potentials for action potential generation. 4. State the effect of nerve fiber size on the rate of action potential propagation. 5. State the effect of nerve fiber myelination on the rate of action potential propagation. 6. Define saltatory conduction.

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