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Decks in this class (68)
general autonomic nervous system pharmacology topic
autonomic target organs: identify the principal target organs of (a) the sympathetic nervous system and (b) the parasympathetic nervous system and describe how each responds to autonomic stimulation
5
cards
general autonomic nervous system pharmacology topic
neurotransmitters: identify the transmitters released from pre- and postganglionic fibres in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
12
cards
general autonomic nervous system pharmacology topic
receptors: classify the cholinoceptors/adrenoceptors located in the ANS and state (a) where each type is found and (b) the signaling systems they each employ
14
cards
general autonomic nervous system pharmacology topic
cholinergic / noradrenergic transmission: summarise the processes involved in the biosynthesis, release and metabolism of acetylcholine, noradrenaline and adrenaline and identify potential targets for pharmacological manipulation of cholinergic/adrenergic transmission
3
cards
lecture 2
4 types of drug antagonism,
Receptor blockade,
Physiological antagonism
17
cards
lecture 3
Define drug,
4 types of protein drug target sites,
Receptor location
31
cards
pharmacokinetics
administration: list the major routes by which drugs may be administered and their advantages and disadvantages
7
cards
pharmacokinetics
distribution: identify the factors that affect the passage of drugs across membranes and thus determine drug distribution
27
cards
pharmacokinetics
termination of action: explain how drug action may be terminated. Identify the principle routes of drug metabolism and excretion
38
cards
pharmacokinetics
pharmacokinetic terms: define the terms: first-pass metabolism; enterohepatic circulation; drug half-life; apparent volume of distribution; bioavailability; drug clearance
5
cards
parasympathetic nervous system
cholinomimetics: explain how (a) directly acting and (b) indirectly acting cholinomimetic drugs produce their biological actions and state why the former are more selective in their actions
10
cards
parasympathetic nervous system
muscarinic receptor antagonists: identify and explain the clinical uses and pharmacokinetic properties of muscarinic receptor agonists
41
cards
parasympathetic nervous system
anticholinesterases: identify the explain the clinical uses and pharmacokinetic properties of anticholinesterase drugs
26
cards
parasympathetic nervous system
anticholinesterase poisoning: recognise the signs and symptoms of anticholinesterase poisoning and explain how it may be treated
3
cards
pharmacodynamics
pharmacodynamic terms: explain the following terms: drug, drug target site, receptor, agonist, antagonist, affinity, efficacy ('intrinsic activity') and potency
5
cards
parasympathetic nervous system
cholinergic blockade: identify the consequences of cholinoceptor blockade and list the main clinical uses and unwanted effects of muscarinic cholinoceptor antagonists
16
cards
parasympathetic nervous system
atropine poisoning: identify the signs and symptoms of atropine poisoning and explain how it may be treated
3
cards
sympathetic nervous system
adrenoceptor agonists: list the clinical uses, principal pharmacological features, mechanism of action and unwanted effects of selective and non-selective α and β adrenoceptor agonists
54
cards
sympathetic nervous system
adrenoceptor antagonists 1: list the clinical uses, principal pharmacological features, mechanism of action and unwanted effects of selective and non-selective α and β adrenoceptor antagonists, and compare the pharmacology of selective and non-selective adrenoceptor antagonists
65
cards
sympathetic nervous system
methyldopa: identify the actions of the false transmitter methyldopa and identify its clinical uses and side effects
6
cards
neuromuscular blocking drugs
neuromuscular junction: identify the neurotransmitter at the skeletal neuromuscular junction and the receptor type on which it acts
5
cards
neuromuscular blocking drugs
tubcurarine: define the nature of the antagonism of tubocurarine on the effects of acetylcholine (ACh) at the motor end-plate and explain how the log dose curve showing the response of skeletal muscle to increasing concentrations of Ach would be altered in the presence of tubocurarine
11
cards
neuromuscular blocking drugs
neuromuscular blocking drugs: list the clinical uses, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and unwanted effects of neuromuscular blocking agents
18
cards
heart
myocardial control mechanisms: explain the mechanisms regulating heart rate, contractility and myocardial oxygen supply
14
cards
heart
cardiac drugs: identify the drugs impacting the heart rate, contractility and myocardial oxygen supply, and summarise the mechanisms of actions and side-effects of these drugs
34
cards
heart
anti-arrhythmics: recall the Vaughan-Williams classification and its limitations
28
cards
vascular system
vascular control mechanisms: identify the mechanisms regulating vascular tone and peripheral vascular resistance
10
cards
vascular system
vasoactive drugs: identify the drugs that impact vascular tone, their mechanisms of actions and their side-effects
36
cards
addiction
reward pathways: identify the reward pathways in the brain activated by drugs of abuse
4
cards
addiction
pharmacology of drugs of abuse: summarise the pharmacokinetics and pharmacology of the main drugs of abuse: cannabis, nicotine, cocaine, alcohol and opioids
183
cards
addiction
tolerance and dependence: explain how opiates/opioids may produce tolerance and dependence
6
cards
vascular system
atherosclerosis pathophysiology: explain the theories concerning the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in arteries, explain the role of lipids (particularly cholesterol) in the development of atherosclerosis, summarise the metabolism of lipoproteins
18
cards
vascular system
atherosclerosis treatment: identify the drugs used in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and the subsequent rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque
23
cards
vascular system
coagulation: explain the processes of coagulation, platelet activation and the actions of fibrin
4
cards
vascular system
thrombosis: explain how a thrombus can form within a vein and identify the drugs used to treat deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
51
cards
NSAIDs
NSAIDs mechanism of action: identify the underlying mechanism of action by which all NSAIDs have their therapeutic effects and the difference between the NSAIDs and paracetamol
52
cards
NSAIDs
NSAIDs side effects: identify the side-effects associated with NSAID use
7
cards
NSAIDs
COX-2 inhibitors: explain why COX-2 inhibitors have proved less successful than hoped
12
cards
analgesia and anaesthesia
nociception: identify the main pathways concerned with pain transmission/ perception and the impact of opioids on these pathways
16
cards
analgesia and anaesthesia
opioid receptors: list the types of opioid receptors and their endogenous ligands
11
cards
inflammatory bowel disease
inflammatory bowel disease features: list the major forms of IBD and explain how they differ in terms of pathology and responsiveness to treatment
13
cards
inflammatory bowel disease
inflammatory bowel disease medication: list the major classes of drugs used in the treatment of IBD, their mechanisms of action and their associated side-effects
49
cards
renal system
renal physiology: explain the physiology of the renal system and how drugs impact ionic composition
47
cards
renal system
renal drugs: explain how drugs affecting the renal system can be used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and heart failure
5
cards
anxiety/sedation/depression
anti-depressants: explain the mechanism of action of clinically useful anti-depressant drugs and how this contributes to efficacy and side effects; Identify proposed mechanisms underlying the delayed therapeutic effects of antidepressant drugs.
48
cards
anxiety/sedation/depression
monoamine oxidases: evaluate the validity of the monoamine theory of depression
14
cards
adverse drugs reactions & drug-drug interaction (ADRs & DDIs)
adverse drug reactions: classify the different types of ADRs, explain how genetic differences influence individual response to drugs, and explain how factors such as polypharmacy, age, diet and renal function can effect drug reactions; enzyme inducers and inhibitors: list the drugs that are known to be enzyme inducers and inhibitors and explain how they may cause ADRs
59
cards
gastric and duodenal ulcers
peptic ulcers pathology: explain the underlying pathology of peptic ulcers
33
cards
gastric and duodenal ulcers
peptic ulcers treatment: identify the drugs used in the treatment of peptic ulcers and their mechanisms of action, and explain why combination treatment is the current best practice
6
cards
neurodegeneration
Alzheimer's disease: identify the underlying pathology, the clinical symptoms and risk factors
11
cards
neurodegeneration
Alzheimer's medication: summarise and compare the mechanisms of action of drugs used to treat Alzheimer's disease
16
cards
anxiety/sedation/depression
GABA: identify the processes (e.g. receptors, transporters & enzymes) involved in GABAergic central neurotransmission
14
cards
anxiety/sedation/depression
drugs targeting GABA: list the principal clinical uses and adverse effects of drugs acting on the GABAergic system and explain how pharmacokinetic differences determine clinical use
50
cards
neurodegeneration
Parkinson's disease neuropathology: Identify the dopaminergic pathway in the brain which degenerates and how the loss of dopamine triggers the motor clinical symptoms; and explain which other neuronal pathways are affected in Parkinson’s and what is the underlying pathological process
14
cards
neurodegeneration
Parkinson's disease clinical features: summarise the principle motor and non-motor clinical feature of the disease
7
cards
neurodegeneration
anti-parkinsonian drugs: summarise and compare the mechanisms of action of drugs used to treat PD. Explain why they are used in conjunction and their limitations
22
cards
anti-psychotics
schizophrenia: identify the principle neurotransmitter defects in schizophrenia
5
cards
anti-psychotics
dopaminergic drugs: explain how drugs targeting the dopaminergic system are utilized in the treatment of schizophrenia, which symptoms they treat and discuss the side effects associated with these treatments
16
cards
analgesia and anaesthesia
general anaesthetics mechanisms: explain the cellular mechanisms of action of general anaesthetics and compare the influence of route of administration on the induction/maintenance of anaesthesia
30
cards
analgesia and anaesthesia
local anaesthetics: explain the cellular mechanisms of action of local anaesthetics, their pharmacokinetic profiles and adverse effects
35
cards
anti-emetics
nausea and vomiting physiology: summarise the physiological control of nausea/vomiting and identify the main mechanistic triggers
anti-emetics: identify the main classes of anti-emetic drugs and outline their principle clinical uses and mechanism of action; summarise the principle side effect profile of each class of anti-emetic drug
18
cards
anti-microbials
antibiotic classes: identify the main classes of antibiotic drugs and distinguish between them in terms of mechanism of action
28
cards
anti-microbials
antibiotic resistance: recall the mechanisms commonly used by bacteria to become resistant to drugs
12
cards
anti-microbials
anti-fungals: differentiate between the drugs used to treat fungal infections
6
cards
anti-microbials
viral physiology: summarise how viruses use the host cell to replicate
12
cards
anti-microbials
anti-viral drugs: summarise the mechanisms of action of anti-viral drugs used in the treatment of HIV, hepatitis, herpes and influenza
22
cards
anticonvulsants
seizures: recognise the different seizure types
13
cards
anticonvulsants
anti-convulsants: recognise that anti-convulsant therapy is determined by the seizure type coupled with pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetic properties of specific anti-convulsant drugs
35
cards
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Y2 LCRS Pharmacology and Therapeutics
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