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Decks in this class (20)
principles
cellular pathology of cancer: explain the principles underlying the nomenclature of tumours, and define metaplasia, dysplasia, neoplasia, tumour, malignancy, hamartoma, carcinoma, sarcoma, teratoma, lymphoma, leukaemia, carcinogen and metastasis
32
cards
principles
malignant features: list features that distinguish benign from malignant tumours, and list the morphological features indicating differentiation of a tumour
18
cards
cell cycle
mitosis: identify the named stages of mitosis
1
cards
cell cycle
cell cycle: recall the various cell cycle phases, and demonstrate the ability to label and annotate a diagram of the cycle. Explain the functions and properties of each phase, and recall how the cell is directed to divide, differentiate, or undergo apoptosis
39
cards
cell cycle
cell cycle molecular control: explain the principle of molecular regulation of the cell cycle, including the role of cyclins and their kinases
65
cards
cell cycle
cell cycle checkpoints: Explain the effects of internal checkpoints on the regulation of the cell cycle and recall examples.
21
cards
cell cycle
signaling pathways: explain the signaling pathways that result in activation of the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) cascade and recall how this regulates gene expression and progression through the cell cycle
16
cards
cell cycle
apoptosis: explain the difference between necrosis and apoptosis, recall cellular mechanisms which execute the apoptotic response, and recall how the Bcl-2 family proteins can modulate apoptosis
79
cards
clinical oncology
cancer treatment: explain the main chemotherapeutic and targeted approaches to treating cancer, explain why many cancer treatments cause side effects and recall approaches to minimise this. Explain the rationale for developing new targets and new drugs in cancer therapy
63
cards
carcinogenesis
DNA damage and repair: explain how DNA can be damaged, recall the role of p53 in the detection of, and response to DNA damage, summarise the natural repair mechanisms for damaged DNA, explain how unrepaired DNA may become fixed as a mutation. Explain how the potential of a chemical / agent to damage DNA is assessed
62
cards
carcinogenesis
angiogenesis: explain the basic mechanisms regulating angiogenesis, summarise the molecular mechanisms involved, explain the role of angiogenesis in health and disease, summarise the prospects for anti-angiogenic and pro-angiogenic therapies in cancer treatment
74
cards
carcinogenesis
regulation of cell migration: explain the cytoskeletal processes occurring during locomotion, recall the types and roles of actin binding proteins, explain the role of second messengers as control mechanisms for cytoskeletal components, and explain the significance of metastasis in cancer development and the cellular and molecular changes necessary for it to occur
77
cards
carcinogenesis
external growth factors: recall the role of external growth factors in controlling cell division and list examples, explain why signaling pathways involving growth factors are often implicated in the uncontrolled division of cancerous cells
63
cards
genetics of cancer
oncogenes and proto-oncogenes: define proto-oncogene and oncogene, explain the relationship between proto-oncogenes and oncogenes, recall how oncogenes disrupt cellular pathways and explain, with examples, how mutation of a proto-oncogene can disrupt normal cell division
24
cards
genetics of cancer
tumour suppressor genes: explain how tumour suppressor genes have been discovered through heritable malignancies, summarise the roles of p53
38
cards
principles
epidemiology: recall the epidemiological evidence of cancer causation, recall the incidence and mortality rates of major adult tumours, recall spatial distribution and temporal trends
24
cards
clinical oncology
breast cancer: summarise the epidemiology of breast cancer, recall the pathological and clinical features of breast cancer, explain the pathophysiology of breast cancer, summarise the basis and role for endocrine therapies in treating breast cancer
71
cards
clinical oncology
colorectal cancer: explain the molecular pathogenesis and major pathological features of colorectal carcinoma, explain the clinical presentation of and basis of screening for colorectal carcinoma, list the principles of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, and define colorectal carcinoma staging systems
80
cards
clinical oncology
leukaemia: define leukaemia, explain the difference between lymphoid and myeloid leukaemia, and acute and chronic leukaemia; summarise the clinical, haematological features and genetic features of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
54
cards
clinical oncology
skin cancer: summarise the epidemiology of skin cancer, define basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma and epidermodysplasia verruciformis; explain the role of UV light in the pathogenesis of skin cancer and the role of p53 in relation to this; summarise the role of human papilloma virus in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma
73
cards
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y2 mcd cancer
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