Anat 101 > 101.09 (Senses) > Flashcards

101.09 (Senses) Flashcards

Senses (70 cards)

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1
Q

Sense

A

Ability to perceive stimuli.

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2
Q

Sensation

A

Conscious awareness of stimuli received by sensory neurons.

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3
Q

Sensory receptors

A

Sensory nerve endings that respond to stimuli by developing action potentials.

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4
Q

General senses

A

Distributed over large parts of the body.

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5
Q

Somatic senses

A

Involves the body and enviornment. includes touch, pressure, tempurature, and pain.

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6
Q

Proprioception

A

Sense of body position and movement.

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7
Q

Visceral senses

A

Detect pain and pressure from internal organs.

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8
Q

Special senses

A

Smell, taste, vision, hearing, balance. occurs in special sense organs.

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9
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Respond to compression, bending, stretching of cells. Touch, pressure, proprioception, hearing, and balance.

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10
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Detect chemicals; responsible for smell and taste. chemicals become attached to receptors on mombranes.

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11
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

Respond to changes in temperature.

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12
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Respond to light; responsible for vision.

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13
Q

Nociceptors

A

Extreme mechanical, chemical, or thermal stimuli. Pain.

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14
Q

Merkel’s disk

A

Detects light touch and superficial pressure.

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15
Q

Hair follicle receptor

A

Detects light touch.

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16
Q

Pacinian corpuscle

A

Detects deep pressure, vibration, and proprioception

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17
Q

Meissner corpuscle

A

Detects two-point discrimination touch.

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18
Q

Ruffini end organ

A

Detects continuous touch or pressure.

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19
Q

Olfaction

A

Sense of smell.

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20
Q

What lobes process odor?

A

Frontal and Temporal

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21
Q

Three main divisions of the ear

A
  1. External ear
  2. Middle ear
  3. Inner ear
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22
Q

External ear structures

A

Auricle, External auditory meatus, and Tympanic membrane.

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23
Q

Middle ear structures

A
  • Malleus (hammer): bone attached to tympanic membrane
  • Incus (anvil): bone that connects malleus to stapes
  • Stapes (stirrup): bone located at base of oval window.
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24
Q

Malleus (hammer)

A

Bone attached to tympanic membrane.

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25
Incus (anvil)
Bone that connects malleus to stapes.
26
Stapes (stirrup)
Bone at base of oval window.
27
Inner ear description
Set of fluid-filled chambers responsible for hearing and balance.
28
Bony labyrinth
System of tunnels filled with fluid
29
Membranous labyrinth
Inside bony labyrinth; filled with endolymph.
30
Endolymph
Clear fluid inside the membranous labyrinth.
31
Perilymph
Fluid between the membranous and bony labyrinth.
32
Three regions of inner ear
1. Cochlea 2. Vestibule 3. Semicircular Canals
33
Cochlea function
Structure where hearing takes place
34
Vestibule function
Contains structures for static balance. Contains Maculae with Otoliths.
35
Semicircular canals function
Dynamic balance; sense head movement in any direction. Contains the Ampulla and Crista ampullaris.
36
Ampulla and crista ampullaris
Structures within semicircular canals involved in detecting movement.
37
Number of detectable smells
Approximately 10,000
38
Olfaction process
Odor dissolves in nasal mucus → olfactory neurons located in mucous → dendrites pick up, depolarize, and carry oder to the axons in the olfactory bulb → processed in frontal and temporal lobes.
39
Location of olfactory neurons
In the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity.
40
Cranial nerve for smell
Olfactory nerve (CN I).
41
What lobes process odor?
The frontal and temporal lobes
42
Taste bud function
Detect taste; located on papillae of tongue
43
Taste bud structure
Contains ~40 taste cells with taste hairs extending into taste pores.
44
Five basic tastes
* Sweet * Sour * Salty * Bitter * Umami
45
Relationship between taste and smell
Taste is linked by smell.
46
Anterior 2/3 tongue innervation
Facial nerve (Cranial nerve VII).
47
Posterior 1/3 tongue innervation
Glossopharyngeal nerve (Cranial nerve IX).
48
Epiglottis region taste innervation
Vagus nerve (Cranial nerve X).
49
Accessory structures of the eye
Eyebrows, eyelids, eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus
50
Eyebrows function
Provide shade and inhibit sweat entry.
51
Eyelids and eyelashes function
Protect eyes from foreign objects.
52
Conjunctiva
Thin membrane covering the inner eyelid surface.
53
Lacrimal apparatus
Produces tears.
54
Extrinsic eye muscles
Move the eyeball.
55
Three tunics of the eye wall
* Fibrous tunic * Vascular tunic * Nervous tunic
56
Fibrous tunic components
Sclera and Cornea.
57
Sclera function (firm outer portion)
Maintains shape, provides attachment, sites for muscles, and protects internal structures
58
Cornea function (transparent covering of iris and pupil)
Allows light to enter and focuses light into the eye.
59
Vascular tunic components
* Iris: * Ciliary body * Ciliary muscles * Suspensory ligaments * Choroid * Lens
60
Iris function
Colored part controlling light entering the pupil via smooth muscle.
61
Ciliary body function
Holds and positions the lens.
62
Ciliary muscles function
Control lens shape
63
Suspensory ligaments function
Hold lens in place.
64
Choroid function
Contains blood vessels; provides pigment and nourishment.
65
Lens function
Flexible disc that focuses light onto the retina.
66
All three main chambers of the eye
-Anterior chamber -Posterior chamber -Vitreous chamber
67
Anterior chamber location
Between cornea and lens; filled with aqueous humor.
68
Posterior chamber location
Behind the anterior chamber; also filled with aqueous humor.
69
Vitreous chamber location
Behind the lens; filled with vitreous humor.
70
Vitreous humor function
Maintains intraocular pressuree, holds lens and retina in place, refracts light.
Anat 101
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