Scoliosis Questions

Question 1

What type of curve can be corrected with lateral flexion?

Answer 1

Compensatory curves and Non-structural curves

Question 2

How does a grade 5 Risser Sign present?

Answer 2

Complete capping of the apophyseal plate of the ilium indicates a Risser grade 5

Question 3

The risser sign progresses _______ to ________.

Answer 3

lateral to medial

Question 4

What are the three types of adolescent ideopathic scoliosis?

Answer 4

Idiopathic, Neuromuscular, congential

Question 5

How does congenital scoliosis present?

Answer 5

Vertebra may fail to form (hemivertebra, wedge vertebra)

Failure to segment (unilateral and bilateral bar presentation)

Question 6

What may be the main contributor to non-structural curvature?

Answer 6

Leg length discrepancy

Question 7

Which neuromuscular pathologies may present with neuromuscular scoliosis?

Answer 7

Myelomenigocele
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)
Cerebral Palsy
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Polio
Arthrogryposis

Question 8

What factors must be considered when treating neuromuscular scoliosis?

Answer 8

Hyper/hypotonicity

Loss of volitional control=kinesthetic reminder is not indicated

Question 9

What goals are associated with neuromuscular scoliosis treatment?

Answer 9

Spinal alignment to improve respiration and support
Spinal support to allow free movement of the arms
Prevent further spinal deformity

Question 10

What percentage of scoliosis cases are idiopathic?

Answer 10

80%

Question 11

What is the ratio of female to male scoliosis occurance?

Answer 11

4:1

Question 12

What is the most common AIS presentation?

Answer 12

Right thoracic, left lumbar

Question 13

How long can AIS be treated after menarche?

Answer 13

18 months

Question 14

Thoracic and double major curves progress less than single lumbar or thoracolumbar curves. True or False?

Answer 14

FALSE

Question 15

What are the parameters of AIS that we can manage with spinal orthoses?

Answer 15

Ideally:
25-45 degrees
Risser sign of 0,1, or 2

Question 16

What is the most proximal apex of a curve that can be managed with a TLSO?

Answer 16

Literature varies from T6 to T8

Question 17

What treatment options are available if a curve is above T6,7 or 8?

Answer 17

CTLSO

Milwaukee Orthosis

Question 18

What biomechanical principles are utilized in AIS managemet?

Answer 18

End-point control
Curve Correction
Transverse Load
Stimulus to withdraw (kinesthetic reminder)

Question 19

What percentage of curve correction is considered an effective treatment outcome?

Answer 19

50%

Question 20

Weaning out phase for AIS treatment is accomplished by:

Answer 20

Reduce wear time 4 hours in 4 month increments

Nights only for 1 year