2) EENT Flashcards

Question

Amblyopia

Answer 1

reduce VA not correctable by refractive means (most common cause is strabismus not tx by age 2)

Answer 2

mycoplasmal infection

Answer 3

Complication of OM; chronic neg pressure creastes sac which may dil w/ desquamated keratin and become chronically infected Tx: marsupialization of the sac or complete removal

Answer 4

Systemic or intranasal deoncgestatnts

Answer 5

(dysfunction of the external or middle ear) 1) obstruction (cerumen impaction) 2) Mass loading (middle ear effusion) 3) Stiffness (otosclerosis) 4) Discontinuity (ossicular disruption) - conductive hearing disorders in adults are commonly due to cerumen impaction or transient eustachian tube dysfunction associated w/ viral URI - persisitnent conductive losses susually result from chronic ear infection, trauma, or otosclerosis - Tx: Often correctable w/ medical or surgical therapy

Answer 6

- sensory hearing loss = deterioration of the cochlea due to loss of hair cells from organ of corti - presbyacusis = most common (gradual; predominantly high freq loss) - others: excessive noise exposure, head trauma, systemic dz - neural hearing loss = lesions involving the eight nerve, auditory nuclei, ascending tracts or auditory cortex - Causes: acoustic neuroma, multiple sclerosis, auditory neuropathy

Answer 7

- Tx: often not correctable w/ medical or surgical therapy but often may be prevented or stabilized * *sudden sensory hearing loss may respond to CORTICOSTEROIDS if delivered w/in wks of onset

Answer 8

-Conductive: sound appears louder in the poorer hearing ear -Sensorineural: radiates to better side

Answer 9

- Conductive: bone exceeds air | - Sensorineural: air exceeds bone

Answer 10

- Caused by: Streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, ethacrynic acid, chlormaphneical -insidious onset, tends to be high frequency loss - tinnitus may be the first symptom

Answer 11

oral antidepressants (amitryptiline) have been effective

Answer 12

aka listening to ones heartbeat should be distinguished -may indicate a vascular abnormality -MRI and venography

Answer 13

recurrent and usually progressive group of symp: acquired chronic hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness/vertigo secondary to distention of the endolymmph compartment of inner ear -unknown cause - Dx: CT or MRI - Tx: Surgical

Answer 14

- aka Vestibular schwannoma - neoplastic cause of hearing loss - more predominant in females - usually U/L hearing loss w/ a deterioration of speech discrimination * *anyone with U/L or asymmetric senosorineural hearing loss should be evaluated for intracranial mass -diagnosted via CT or MRI - Tx: Surgical

Answer 15

-labryinthitis, Menier’s Dz, positional, vestibular neuronitis, migrainous and obstructing antomic abn -characterized by: sudden onset, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, decreased hearing -nystagmus is hornizontal w/ a rotary componenet, fast-phase beats away fom the diseased side and fixation inhibition

Answer 16

- brain stem vascular disease, AV malformations, tumors of the brainstem or cerebellum, MS or vertebrobasilar migraine syndrome - characterized by: slower-onet, nonfatiguable nystagmus, vertical greater than horizontal plane and no latency or suppression by vixation - there are usually accompanying motor, sensory, or cerebellar deficits

Answer 17

depends on cause - Acute attacks =diazepam - Mild vertigo = meclizine, cyclizine, dimenhydrinate - Severe vertigo = scopolamine - Bed rest may be necessary during acute attacks but pts w/ chronic dz should be encouraged to move

Answer 18

- phenomenon of severe acute vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus -unknown etiology: possibly = otitis or viremia - Tx: Meclizine, promethazine, and dimenhydrinate

Answer 19

All auricular hematomas should be drained as soon as possible after injury. Auricular hematomas that are more than seven days old warrant referral to an otolaryngologist or plastic surgeon for debridement of new perichondrial growth and any remaining hematoma. -Although evidence is lacking, because of the risk of infection to an area with tenuous blood supply, Uptodate suggests that all patients who undergo auricular hematoma drainage receive a 7 to 10 day course of empiric antibiotics with activity against skin flora and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 20

- pale, edematous, mucosally covered masses commonly seen in pts w/ allergic rhinitis - polyps in children should suggest the possibility of cystic fibrosis - in pts w/ polyps and hx of asthma, aspirin should be avoided (Samter triad/ triad asthma) because they have have an immunologic salicylate sensitivity - Tx: Topical intranasal steroids x 1-3 mo; short course of oral steroids; if refractive or massive = surgical

Answer 21

- fever >38/100.4 - tender anterior cervical adenopathy - lack of a cough - pharyngotonsillar exudates * *3/4 criteria is highly suggestive for GABHS; 1⁄4 criteria makes GABHS very unlikely; 2 = do culture

Answer 22

- painless white area around the tongue, inside the cheek, on the lower lip or on the floor of the mouth -seen in those who chew tobacco, smoke, have AIDS, and w/ ETOH abuse - CANNOT be scraped off * *biopsy to R/o malignancy

Answer 23

-causes burning pain of the tongue, inside the cheek or in the throat -can be scraped off--> leaves raw, erythematous, friable area afterward -often seen in immunocomprised pts and those on broad spectrum abx -Tx: liquid antifungal (swish and swallow) or in a tab/lozenge that dissolves in mouth

2) EENT Flashcards

(47 cards)