Neurology Flashcards
Treatment options Parkinson’s disease:
Carbidopa-levodopa Bromocriptine, Pramipexole (D-agonist) Selegiline (MAO B inhibitor) Amantadine Trihexyphenidyl, benztropine (anti-Ach) Amitriptyline Deep Brain Stimulation
Treatment options for Tourette’s syndrome:
Clonidine
Pimozide
Haloperidol
Rx that cause Parkinsonian side effects
Neuroeleptics: chlorpromazine, haloperidol, perphenazine
Metoclopramide
Reserpine
Huntington’s chorea Rx
Dopamine blockers to help psychosis and improve chorea
Anxiolytic and antidepressants
Rx for Alzheimer’s
Donepezil
Rivastigmine
Galantamine
Ginko
Lecithin
Vitamin E
Locked-in syndrome
Infarction or hemorrhage of the ventral pons
Neurofibromas todos Type I
AD cafe au lair spots, neurofibromas, CNS tumors (gliomas, meningiomas), anxillary or inguinal freckling , iris hamartomas (Lisch’s nodules) boney lesions.
Scoliosis , pheo, optic nerve glioma, renal artery stenosis, tibial dysplasia
Neurofibromatosis Type II
AD less common than type I, bilateral acoustic neuromas, multiple meningiomas, cafe au lait spots, neurofibromas less common than type I and cataracts
Sturge Weber syndrome
Port wine stain
Facial vascular nevi
Cap angiomatoses of pia mater
Epilepsy and mental retardation
Von hipple lindau
Hemangiomas of brain or brain stem Renal angiomas Cysts in multiple organs Renal cell carcinomas Pheo
Syringomyelia
Most commonly associated with Arnold-chiary malformation, post trauma, post infectious, tethered cord, intramedullary tumors
Most asympt, incidental on MRI
Bilateral loss of pain and temp sensation over the shoulders (cape like distribution) - lateral spinothalamic tract involvement,preservation of touch, thoracic scoliosis, muscle atrophy
Brown Sequard syndrome
Spinal cord hemisection usually at cervical level, caused by trauma, crush injury to spinal cord, tumors, abscess
Contra pain and temp loss - spinothalamic tract
Ipsilateral hemiparesis - corticospinal tract
Ipsilateral loss of position/ vibration - dorsal columns
Good prognosis
Transverse Myelitis
Thoracic spine
Rapid progression
Lower extremity weakness or plegia, back pain, sensory deficits below the level of the lesion, sphincter disturbance
Poliomyelitis
Anterior horn cells and motor neurons so spinal cord and brainstem
Asymmetric muscle weakness (most commonly legs) absent deep tendon reflexes, flaccid strophic muscles and normal sensation
Bulbar involvement CN IX and CN X lead to respiratory and cardiovascular impairment
Tonic clinic seizures Rx
Phenytoin and carbamazepine
Phenolbarbital, valproate, primidone