Male reproductive system Flashcards
1. Describe the function of the scrotum.
1.Suspend the testes outside of the body cavity to provide a cooler temperature for sperm production.
- Name the male gonad.
2.Testis
- Describe the function of the cremaster muscle.
3.Can pull the scrotum closer to the body for testis warmth or further away from the hot body for cooling
- Describe the location and function of the following testicular structures: Tunica albuginea seminiferous tubules straight tubules rete testis interstitial cells.
4.T. albuginea is white connective tissue surrounding the testis. The seminiferous tubules are tightly coiled tubes that are the sight for sperm production. These straighten out as they carry sperm out of the testis to become straight tubules which finally form a network of tubules the rete testis and exit the testis to the epididymis. In between the seminiferous tubules are the interstitial cells that make testosterone
- Describe spermatogenesis and the hormones involved.
5.Spermatogonia are diploid cells that can undergo mitosis to replenish the numbers. Close to 300 million sperm are made each day starting at puberty. The spermatogonium that is destined to become a sperm enlarges to become a primary spermatocyte. It undergoes meiosis I to become a secondary spermatocyte which undergoes meiosis II to become a spermatid. The spermatid is haploid and undergoes spermiogenesis to mature into a spermatozoan (sperm). While testosterone is necessary for this process the main driving hormone is FSH released from anterior pituitary gland.
- Diagram and label a mature spermatozoan.
6.Head has nucleus with the 23 chromosomes with a cap called the acrosome that contains enzymes to dissolve through the wall of the egg. The midpiece has numerous mitochondria for energy production and the tail allows motility.
- Describe signs of puberty in the male.
7.Sperm in the ejaculate sex drive hair growth at specific sites on the body muscle enlargement enlargement of sex organs lowering voice…
- Describe the glands (or cells) that make the following hormones; and describe their functions: Testosterone GnRH FSH LH [=ICSH] and Inhibin.
- GnRH made by hypothalamus is the inciting hormone for puberty. It stimulates the pituitary gland to make FSH which stimulates spermatogenesis and LH which stimulates the interstitial cells to make testosterone. Inhibin made by the testes inhibits FSH. Testosterone has negative feedback on LH & GnRH.
- Describe the 3 parts of the epididymis and its the general function.
9.Head body tail. It is a site for sperm maturation & storage.
- Name the passageway through the abdominal wall that the spermatic cord runs through.
10.Inguinal canal
- Name the structures found in the spermatic cord.
11.Vas deferens testicular A&V lymphatics nerves
- Trace the path of sperm from the testes to the urethral orifice during ejaculation.
12.From testes sperm enter the epididymis then pass through the vas deferens into the urethra.
- Name the structure that serves as a passageway for both urine and sperm.
13.Urethra
- List the 3 subdivisions of the male urethra.
14.Prostatic urethra runs through prostate gland membranous urethra passes from prostate to penis penile = spongy urethra courses through the penis.
- Name the male accessory sex glands and describe their functions.
15.Prostate seminal vesicles bulbourethral glands contribute to semen. Semen allows a fluid medium for the sperm provides nutrients for the sperm and is slightly alkaline to neutralize the acid environment in the female’s vagina.
