Pathologies

Question 1

Thoracic Outlet Compression Syndrome

Answer 1

impingement of nerves and arteries to lower neck and upper limb
sometimes area must be surgically expanded though sometimes stretching can fix

Question 2

Stocking/Glove Pattern of Parathesia

Answer 2

numbness or tingling of whole hand or foot

most likely related to blood supply

Question 3

Surgical Neck Fracture of Humerus

Answer 3

fall on hand with force being transmitted up the forearm bones of extended limb
common in elderly with osteoporosis

Question 4

Transverse Fracture of Shaft of Humerus

Answer 4

rare

usually the result of trauma or direct blow to the arm

Question 5

Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus

Answer 5

fracture of distal part of humerus near supracondylar ridges

Question 6

Fracture of Distal End of Radius

Answer 6

most common fracture in people over 50

Question 7

Colles Fracture

Answer 7

dinner fork deformity
complete fracture of distal 2 cm of radius
most common fracture of the forearm

Question 8

FOOSH

Answer 8

fall on outstretched hand

Question 9

Greenstick Fracture

Answer 9

bone is broken but not completely
common in children
has a malunion so often needs to be completely broken in order to set for proper healing

Question 10

Fracture of Scaphoid

Answer 10

results from fall on the palm with the hand abducted
pain primarily on lateral side of wrist
often doesn’t present during initial radiographs, but often shows up 10-14 days later
due to poor blood supply to scaphoid, it may take several months to heal and sometimes results in avascular necrosis

Question 11

Fracture of Hamate

Answer 11

often results in malunion due to lack of stability

hook can cause damage to ulnar nerve and/or artery

Question 12

Separated Shoulder

Answer 12

dislocation at acromioclavicular joint

often a result of a direct blow or a hard fall on the shoulder or outstretched upper limb

Question 13

Dislocated Shoulder

Answer 13

dislocation at glenohumeral joint

most commonly inferior dislocation of humeral head

Question 14

RCT

Answer 14

rotator cuff tear

usually result of repetitive use of upper limb above horizontal

Question 15

Shoulder Impingement

Answer 15

catching and impinging of tendons or bursa in shoulder

causes pain around 90 degrees of flexion or at the end of ROM at the top

Question 16

Adhesive Capsulitis of Glenohumeral Joint

Answer 16

frozen shoulder
extreme pain and loss of ROM in glenohumeral joint
reversible, but usually takes about a year to heal
can be post traumatic (following a surgery) or idiopathic
risk factors for idiopathic adhesive capsulitis are diabetes, thyroid issues, and being female

Question 17

Nursemaid’s Elbow

Answer 17

subluxation or dislocation of radial head
common in children (especially girls)
results from lifting child up by the upper limb when the forearm is pronated