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OPP > Forearm, Wrist and Hand Mechanics > Flashcards

Forearm, Wrist and Hand Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the carrying angle?

A

2 lines:

  1. long axis of the humerus
  2. line along median aspect of the forearm
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2
Q

What does the wrist do as carrying angle increases?

A

Adduction

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3
Q

What does the wrist do as carrying angle decreases?

A

Abduction

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4
Q

What is the definition of the carrying angle?

A

With arm in anatomic position, it’s the angle formed at the elbow by a line along the long axis of the humerus and a line along the median forearm in a valgus position.

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5
Q

What is the carrying angle in women versus men?

A

Women: 10-15 degrees
Men: 5 degrees

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6
Q

What is carrying angle called if it is greater than 15 degrees?

A

cubitus valgus

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7
Q

What is carrying angle called if is less than 15 degrees?

A

cubitus varus

- AKA gunstock deformity

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8
Q

What happens when the olecranon of the ulna abducts?

A

Wrist adducts

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9
Q

What happens when the olecranon of the wrist adducts?

A

Wrist abducts

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10
Q

What is SD of the elbow called? What is primary and secondary?

A

Adducted or abducted elbow

Primary: ulnohumeral
Secondary: radiohumeral

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11
Q

What 5 findings would you expect with forearm/elbow abduction with medial glide?

A
  1. Increased carrying angle
  2. Olecranon prefers medial glide
  3. Distal forearm prefers abduction
  4. Radial head may be compressed on the capitulum of the humerus
  5. Hand (Wrist) may prefer adduction at radiocarpal joint
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12
Q

What 5 findings would you expect with forearm/elbow adduction with lateral glide?

A
  1. Decreased carrying angle - gunstock deformity
  2. Olecranon prefers lateral glide
  3. Distal forearm prefers adduction
  4. Radial head is gapped at capitulum and drawn into the annular ligament
  5. Hand/wrist perfers relative abduction at the radiocarpal joint
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13
Q

What guides and limits movement of the forearm?

A

IO membrane

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14
Q

What muscles guide supination?

A

Supinator

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15
Q

What muscles guide pronation?

A

Pronator quadratus

Pronator teres

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16
Q

What happens to the radial head during pronation?

A

Glides posterior

17
Q

What happens to the radial head during supination?

A

Glides anterior

18
Q

What happens to the distal radius during pronation?

A

glides anterior

19
Q

What happens to the distal radius during supination?

A

Glides posterior

20
Q

What is the SAPP mnemonic?

A

Supination of forearm = Anterior radial head

Pronation of forearm = Posterior radial head

21
Q

What happens when you fall forward on your outstretched palm?

A

Hand is in a pronated position

  • forward force vector
  • distal radius pushed anterior rotation
  • radial head moves posterior
22
Q

What happens when you fall backward on your outstretched palm?

A

Hand is in supinated position

  • distal radius is moved into posterior rotation
  • radial head moves anterior
23
Q

If a patient presents with wrist pain, what other joints should you look at?

A

Elbow - wrist pain is sometimes only symptom of SD of elbow

Distal joints

Always evaluate 1 above and below joint

24
Q

What does SD of the wrist generally involve?

A

Small gliding motions of the wrist

25
Q

What if SD of the wrist involves falls onto outstretched hands?

A

Compression component then

Remember to check for fractures
Large losses in flexion and extension can also be accompanied by small SD of wrist

26
Q

What supports the carpals?

A

Anterior and posterior interosseous ligaments

27
Q

Where is SD seen with the carpals?

A

Anterior or posterior glide of these joints

28
Q

What is Fryette’s third law?

A

Motion in one plane induces restriction in other planes.

29
Q

What are the major motions of the MCP and PIP/DIP joints?

A

Flexion/Extension

Abduction/Adduction

30
Q

What are the minor motions of the MCP and PIP/DIP joints?

A

Anterior/Posterior
Medial/Lateral
Internal/External rotation
Traction/Compression

31
Q

What creates SD of the CMC joints?

A

Compression component
- esp. if motion is restricted in dorsal and ventral glide

SD usu found in dorsal/ventral glide

32
Q

What creates SD of the 1st CMC joint?

A

(Pertains to thumb)

  • more likely to have a compression strain or true sprain
  • due to large freedom of movement
33
Q

Where can MCPs and IPs have SD?

A

AP glide
Mediolateral glide
Rotational glide
Compression - always part of SD in these joints

OPP (5 decks)

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