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Musculoskeletal/Skin - WLB > Week 4 - Ach > Flashcards

Week 4 - Ach Flashcards

1
Q

What dermatomes correspond with the lower limb buds?

A

L2-S2

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2
Q

What are the three ligaments of the pelvis that resist the outward thrust of the sacrum?

A
  • Posterior sacroiliac ligament
  • Sacrospinous ligament
  • Sacrotuberous ligament
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3
Q

The sacrospinous ligament converts what notches into what foramina?

A

Greater sciatic notch –> Greater Sciatic Foramen

Lesser Sciatic Notch –> Lesser Sciatic Foramen

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4
Q

What is the Ishioanal fossa?

Where is it located?

A

Triangle formed from connecting lines of the Left ischial tuberosity, Right ischial tuberosity, and Coccyx.

Surrounds the anus (near Pudendal vessals/nerves).

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5
Q

Where does the Gluteus Maximus orginate? Terminate?

A

Originates: posterior Ilium/dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx

Terminates: Iliotibial tract (IT band)

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6
Q

Where are most gluteal IM injections given?

A

Superolateral Quadrant

  • above gluteus maximus
  • into Gluteal Aponeurosis/gluteous medius
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7
Q

What nerve innervates the Gluteous Maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

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8
Q

What happens with damage/lesion of inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)?

A

Paralysis of Gluteus Maximus

“Gluteal Gait” or “Gluteal Lurch”

-compensate with hyperextension of the trunk

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9
Q

Where are two potential irriations with Iliotibial Band Syndrome?

A

Greater Trochanter of humerus

OR

Lateral condyle of the knee

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10
Q

What are the two bursae of the Gluteal Region?

What is their function?

A
  • Trochanteric Bursa
  • Ischial Bursa
  • Helps spread out the weight of your body when sitting.
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11
Q

What happens in trochanteric bursitis?

A
  • inflammation of the trochanteric bursa
  • friction bursitis
  • results from repetitive movements of the superior tendinous fibers of the gluteus maximus back and forth over the bursae
  • point tenderness over greater trochanter, radiation of pain along IT band
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12
Q

What happens in Ischial Bursitis?

A
  • “Weaver’s bottom”
  • repetitive hip extension while sitting
  • localized pain over the bursa, worse with movement of gluteus maximus
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13
Q

What happens with damage/injury to the Superior Gluteal Nerve?

A
  • “Gluteus Medius Limp” or “Trendelenberg gait”
  • Causes hip to fall to contralateral side when walking
  • Positive Trendelenburg’s sign
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14
Q

In a patient with left-sided gluteus medius paralysis, which side would dip when standing on the left leg?

A

Right pelvis dips

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15
Q

What five muscles are the lateral hip rotators?

A
  • Piriformis
  • Superior Gemellus
  • Obturator Internus
  • Inferior Gemellus
  • Quadratus Femoris
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16
Q

What causes sciatica?

A

Herniated L4 disc that compresses and compromises the L5 or S1 component of the sciatic nerve.

OR

Spasm of the Piriformis muscle.

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17
Q

What can a posterior dislocation of the hip joint injury?

A

Sciatic Nerve

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18
Q

What does the Pudendal nerve supply?

A

Structures in the perineum.

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19
Q

What structures does the Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve supply?

A

Skin of lower buttock

and

skin of posterior compartment of the thigh.

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20
Q

What landmark do you feel for when performing a Pudendal nerve block?

A

Ischial Spine

(S2-S4 dermatomes)

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21
Q

What nerve enters the Lesser Sciatic Foramen to go to the perineum?

A

Pudendal Nerve

22
Q

What nerves leave the pelvis through the Greater Sciatic Foramen?

A

Sacral Plexus (L4-S4)

(includes Sciatic nerve, Superior/Inferior Gluteal Nerve, Posterior Cutaneous Nerve, and Pudendal Nerve)

23
Q

What is the only nerve of the gluteal region that emerges superior to the Piriformis?

A

Superior Gluteal Nerve

24
Q

What blood vessel supplies the muscles of the gluteal region?

A

Branches of the Internal Iliac Artery

25
Q

What dermatomes are associated with the posterior thigh?

A

L5-S4

L5: lateral thigh and dorsum of foot

S3/S4: Anal region

26
Q

What two nerves supply the Poterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Tibal Nerve & Fibular Nerve

27
Q

What is the only muscle of the posterior compartment of the thigh supplied by the Fibular nerve?

A

Short head of the Biceps Femoris

(Common Fibular Portion of the Sciatic Nerve)

28
Q

What muscles is more medial: Semitendonous or Semimembranous?

A

Semimembranous

29
Q

What blood vessel supplies the posterior thigh?

A

perforating branches of the

Deep Femoral Artery and Vein

30
Q

What is a “hip pointer”?

A
  • Medical term: avulsion fracture
  • Contusion of the iliac crest (anterior part)
  • common in collision sports
31
Q

What is a “charley horse”?

A
  • Cramping of an individual thigh muscle because of tearing of muscle fibers or contusion and rupture of blood vessels
    • form hematoma
    • localized pain and/or muscle stiffness
32
Q

What are common hamstring injuries?

A
  • Hamstring strain:
    • avulsion/tear of part of the proximal tendinous attachments of the hamstrings to the ischial tuberosity
  • ​Hamstring Tear:
    • complete avusion/tear of hamstring tendon at ischial tuberosity
    • due to forcible flexion/not warming up before exercise
    • fall to the ground writhing in pain
33
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A

Biceps femoris (laterally), Semitendinosus/membranosus (medially), both heads of Gastrocnemius (inferiorly)

34
Q

What are the 5 principal contents of the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal Artery/Vein, Small saphenous vein, Tibial Nerve, & Common fibular nerve

35
Q

When does the Femoral Artery become the Popliteal Artery?

A

after it passes through the Adductor Hiatus muscle

36
Q

What does the Sural nerve innervate?

A

posterior cutaneous layer of leg/heel

37
Q

What are the compartments of the leg?

A
  • Anterior
  • Lateral
  • Posterior
    • Superficial
    • Deep
38
Q

What are the five septa/fascia/membranes that separate the leg into compartments?

A
  • Deep crural fascia
    • surrounds musculature
    • continuous with fasciae latae
  • Anterior intermuscular septum
    • separates anterior from lateral compartments
  • Posterior intermuscular septum
    • separates lateral from posterior compartments
  • Interosseous membrane
    • separates anterior from posterior compartments
  • Transverse intermuscular septum
    • separates superficial from deep posterior compartments
39
Q

What muscles are located in the superficial posterior compartment?

A
  1. Gastrocnemius
  2. Soleus
  3. Plantaris

***All innervated by the Tibial Nerve!

40
Q

What muscles are located in the deep posterior compartment?

A
  1. Popliteus
  2. Flexor digitorum longus
  3. Tibialis posterior
  4. Flexor hallucis longus

***All innervated by the Tibial nerve!

41
Q

What is the most severe acute muscular problem of the leg?

A

Ruptured calcaneal tendon

42
Q

Who usually sustains a rupture of the calcaneal tendon?

A

Poorly conditioned people with a history of calcaneal tendinitis.

43
Q

What causes varicose veins?

A

Veins become dilated, so that the cusps of their valves do not close.

Valves become incompetent due to dilation or rotation and no longer function properly.

44
Q

How do you manage varicose veins?

A

Compression socks & exercise

45
Q

What forms a Baker’s cyst?

A

Increased synovial fluid in the knee joint pushes out posteriorly into the popliteal fossa.

46
Q

Pain due to a Popliteal Aneurysm is felt where?

A
  • Pain in the popliteal fossa
  • Referred pain to the skin overlying the medial aspect of the calf, ankle, or foot
    • due to compression of the tibial nerve
47
Q

What area of the gastrocnemius muscle is commonly injured?

A

Strain/Rupture of the Medial head

  • partial tearing at or near its musculotendinous junction
  • usually patients >40 years old
    a. k.a. Tennis leg
48
Q

What muscle in the posterior leg is often harvested for tendon?

A

Plantaris

(“freshman nerve”)

49
Q

What nerve/nerve roots does the Calcaneal Tendon Reflex (ankle jerk) test?

A

S1 & S2 nerve roots

Tibial nerve

50
Q
A

Musculoskeletal/Skin - WLB (13 decks)

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