Pharmacology 1

Question 1

Hydroxocobalamin

Answer 1

Cyano kit
CLASS: antidote
Strongly binds with cyanide forming natural form of vit b12, which is excreted in urine.
DOSE: 5g (2-2.5g vials) IV over 15 minutes

Question 2

GLUCAGON

Answer 2

CLASS: hormone, insulin antagonist
MOA: increase the breakdown of glycogen in liver, stimulates glucose synthesis. Positive inotropic on the heart
DOSE: 1 mg IM

Question 3

HALOPERIDOL

Answer 3

HALDOL
CLASS: antipsychotic / neuroleptic
MOA: block dopamine receptors in brain to modify mood and behavior
DOSE: 2-10mg IM

Question 4

GLUTOSE

Answer 4

Glutose
CLASS: Carbohydrate
MOA: provides the lacking form of carbohydrate, dextrose, in the emergency care of a hypoglycemic patient
DOSE: 15-45 grams

Question 5

FUROSEMIDE

Answer 5

LASIX
CLASS: loop diuretic
MOA: Inhibits reabsorbtion of sodium and chloride in the proximal loop of Henle, can also reduce cardiac preload by increasing venous capacitance
DOSE.5-1mg/kg

Question 6

IPRATROPIUM BROMODE

Answer 6

ATROVENT
CLASS: Anticholinergic, bronchodilator
MOA: inhibits the interaction of ACH receptor sites on bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in decreased cyclic guanosine monophosphate and bronchodilation
DOSE: 0.5mg in 2.5 ml, nebulized

Question 7

THIAMINE

Answer 7

BETAXINE
CLASS: vitamin (b1)
MOA: required for the conversion of glucose into energy
DOSE: 100mg IV slowly

Question 8

OXYTOCIN

Answer 8

PITOCIN
CLASS: pituitary hormone
MOA: stimulates uterine smooth muscle contractions and helps expedite the normal contractions of labor. stimulates the uterine contractions after labor decreasing blood flow;also stimulates the mammary glands to release milk
DOSE: 10 units IM for postpartum bleed

Question 9

ONDANSETRON

Answer 9

ZOFRAN
CLASS: antiemetic, Serotonin Receptor Antagonist
MOA: selective antagonist of a serotonin receptor subtype that may cause nausea and vomiting. ANTAGONISTS will block the binding of an AGONIST at a receptor molecule inhibiting the signal
DOSE: 4 mg IV slow over 2-5 minutes

Question 10

NITROGLYCERIN

Answer 10

NITROSTAT
CLASS: Vasodilator
MOA: potent arterial and vasodilator resulting in decreased preload and after load, decreasing the work load of the heart, lowering oxygen demand
DOSE:0.4 mg usual dose, 0.15 and 0.3 mg also

Question 11

NALOXONE

Answer 11

NARCAN
CLASS: Opioid antagonist
MOA: synthetic opiod antagonist, competes for opiate receptors. deactivating the effects of the narcotic
DOSE: 2MG IV, repeat every 5 min up to 10 mg

Question 12

MORPHINE

Answer 12

ASTRAMORPH
CLASS: Opioid analgesic
MOA: primary effect is analgesia, decreases venous return by peripheral vasodilation causing decreased preload and afterload, thought to decrease myocardial oxygen demand. can cause sedation, histimine release, decrease motility of the entire GI tract
DOSE: 1-4 mg SLOW IV push; 5-10 mg IM or SQ

Question 13

METHYLEPREDNISOLONE

Answer 13

SOLU-MEDROL
CLASS: glucocorticold
MOA: Suppress acute and chronic inflammation; increase responsiveness of Beta adrenoreceptors in airway;reduce, itching,swelling,redness and allergic reactions
DOSE: 125 MG IV

Question 14

FENTANYL

Answer 14

SUBLIMAZE
CLASS: opioid analgesic
MOA: combines with receptor sites in the brain to produce potent analgesic effects; fentanyl does not cause myocardial depression or histamine release as with other opioids
DOSE: 25-50 MCG IV slow push

Question 15

AMYL NITRITE

Answer 15

POPPERS
CLASS: coronary vasodilator
MOA: vasodilator, causes oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin, cyanide binds more readily to methemoglobin for oxygen transport
DOSE: 0.3ML inhaled

Question 16

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

Answer 16

ACTIDOSE
CLASS: ADSORBENT, ANTIDOTE
MOA: adsorbs ingested toxins once bound to the charcoal, the combined complex is then excreted
DOSE: 50-100 grams PO

Question 17

ASPRIN

Answer 17

BAYER
CLASS: analgesic, anti inflammatory,antipyretic, NSAID, antiplatelet
MOA: Decreases inflammation, block pain impulses in the CNS, decrease platelet aggregation
DOSE: 81-324 mg PO

Question 18

ALBUTEROL

Answer 18

PROVENTIL
CLASS: BETA 2 adrenergic agonist, bronchodilator
MOA: Sympathomimetic that is selective for beta 2 adrenergic receptors. relaxes smooth muscles of the bronchial tree and peripheral vasculature
DOSE: 2.5 mg in 3-,l NS, Nebulized or MDI

Question 19

DEXTROSE 50%

Answer 19

D50
CLASS: carbohydrate, hypertonic solution
MOA: dextrose is the principal form of carbohydrate utilized by the body as an energy source, is vital for brain function
DOSE: 12.5-25 grams slow IV

Question 20

MIDAZOLAM HYDROCHLORIDE

Answer 20

VERSED
CLASS: short acting Benzodiazepine
MOA: act on BZ of GABA; GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter; BZ binding sites are found in the spinal cord, brain stem, cortical and limbic areas of the brain. inhibits impulses, often used for treating anxiety, pre sedative anti convulsant, muscle spasms
DOSE: 1-2.5mg slow IV (over 2-3min) may repeat PRN -max 0.1mg/kg

Question 21

LORAZEPAM

Answer 21

ATIVAN
CLASS: BENZodiazepine
MOA: act on BZ of GABA; GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter; BZ binding sites are found in the spinal cord, brain stem, cortical and limbic areas of the brain. inhibits impulses, often used for treating anxiety, pre sedative anti convulsant, muscle spasms
DOSE: 1-4mg slow IV (2-4 min) not to exceed 2mg/min

Question 22

DIAZEPAM

Answer 22

VALLIUM, DIASTAT
CLASS: BENZODIAZEPINE
MOA: acts on CNS to potentiate the effects of inhibitory neuro transmitters; induces amnesia and sedation
DOSE: 5-10mg IV over 1 min

Question 23

Agonists

Answer 23

Drugs that interact with receptor sites and stimulate a predictable response

Question 24

Antagonists

Answer 24

Drugs that block normal response. Block receptor sites

Question 25

Mimetic

Answer 25

Stimulating

Question 26

Olytic

Answer 26

Blocking

Question 27

Vegas nerve releases what

Answer 27

Acetylcholine