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Physics > 1140 Questions & Blanks > Flashcards

1140 Questions & Blanks Flashcards

0
Q

Why did scientists abandon Isaac Newton’s particle theory of light in 1850?

A

Jean Foucault discovered that light travels slower in water than in air.

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1
Q

Why do scientists have difficulty discovering truth?

A

They have a limited means of observing reality.

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2
Q

What are light waves?

A

The regular and rapid transverse vibrations of electric and magnetic fields that spread out evenly in all directions.

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3
Q

The frequency of sound is interpreted by the ear as ______

A

Pitch

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4
Q

The frequency of light is interpreted by the eye as:

A

Color

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5
Q

Six basic colors of the visible light spectrum

A

Red orange yellow green blue violet

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6
Q

The brightness of light is measured by its __________

A

Intensity or amplitude

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7
Q

The inverse square law for light intensity (brightness)

A

The intensity of light at a particular point is inversely proportional to the square of the distance of the object from the light source.

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8
Q

Light must be allows to expand in a spherical shell for the inverse square law to apply.

A

.

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9
Q

Four physical quantities that vary according to the inverse square law

A 
The force of gravity
Brightness of light
Intensity of sound
Magnetic fields
Electrical fields
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10
Q

What did William Herschel conclude about the sun?

A

It radiates invisible waves

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11
Q

Infrared waves have a _______ than do visible light waves.

A

Longer wavelength

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12
Q

A blacktop road that is warmer than air

A

Radiates heat efficiently

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13
Q

Black dirt

A

Absorbs and radiates heat efficiently

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14
Q

A blacktop road that is cooler than the air

A

Absorbs heat efficiently

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15
Q

Aluminum foil

A

Absorbs and radiates heat poorly

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16
Q

Microwaves, radar, UHF, VHF, FM, AM
Increasing wavelength
Decreasing frequency

A

.

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18
Q

All electromagnetic waves can be _________

A

Reflected, refracted, or absorbed

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19
Q

Huygen’s principle of wave motion

A

Every point on a wave is itself a source of a new wave motion of the same frequency

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20
Q

What is diffraction?

A

a phenomenon in which waves spread out after they pass through a small opening and bend as they pass along the edge of an obstruction

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21
Q

When water waves strike a small standing obstruction, such as a post, they:

A

bend along the edge of the obstruction

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22
Q

How does diffraction affect microscopes and telescopes?

A

it limits their resolution

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23
Q

What does a diffraction grating do?

A

disperses light into the colors of the spectrum

24
Q

Three advantages of diffraction gratings compared to glass prisms

A

produces greater dispersion
separate colors better
provide a uniform amount of separation from one color to the next

25
Q

What is interference?

A

the interaction of two or more waves

26
Q

Thomas Young’s experiment

A

light band resulted from constructive interference of light waves
dark bands resulted from destructive interference of light waves

27
Q

Poor reception can occur when radio waves reach a receiver by two routes and ______

A

come together out of phase

28
Q

Polarization occurs because light waves are ______

A

transverse

29
Q

What happens when light waves enter certain crystal formations?

A

They are either absorbed or polarized along the plane of the crystal

30
Q

To eliminate almost all light, two polarizing crystals must be aligned

A

perpendicularly to each other

31
Q

How do two European television stations broadcast two signals of the same frequency without interference

A

one broadcasts horizontally polarized waves

the other broadcast vertically polarized waves

32
Q

Lord Rayleigh

A

.

33
Q

A body that is charged with static electricity always has

A

an unequal number of electrons and protons

34
Q

The three laws of static electricity developed by Benjamin Franklin

A

Bodies charged with static electricity attract uncharged bodies. Like electric charges repel one another, unlike attract.

35
Q

What happens when a negatively charged body is connected to a ground by a conductor?

A

it becomes neutral as excess electrons flow to the ground

36
Q

Coulomb’s law

A

the force acting between two charges is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

37
Q

a coulomb is

A

the amount of charge that will produce a force of 1.0 Newton when placed 1.0 meter from a like charge

38
Q

strongest force

A

nuclear

39
Q

weakest force

A

gravitational

40
Q

the potential difference between two points of an electrical field

A

the work-per-unit charge needed to move the charge from one point to another

41
Q

What is an electrical field?

A

the region of force that surrounds a charged object.

42
Q

(q1 x q2)/r^2

A

Coulomb’s law (answer in dynes when esu and cm)

43
Q

What are two ways to increase capacitance?

A

increase charge or lower voltage

44
Q

What procedure is used to make it possible to include large capacitors in electrical circuits?

A

The capacitor is made of flexible foil which is separated with waxed paper and then rolled into a cylinder

45
Q

A _______ is one whose capacitance can be changed

A

variable capacitor

46
Q

How is a variable capacitor created?

A

by holding one set of plates stationary while the other set pivots

47
Q

If a charged rod is brought near an electroscope and the leaves collapse quickly, what happens?

A

The charges cannot be identified by this information

48
Q

When a charged rod is brought near an electroscope, the leaves collapse quickly. When a rod of opposite charge is brought near, the leaves diverge farther. What is the charge of the electroscope?

A

The charge cannot be identified by this information.

49
Q

If a charged rod is brought near an electroscope and the leaves diverge farther, what happens?

A

Either both are positive or both are negative

50
Q

Explain how the Dewar flask reduces each type of heat loss to a minimum

A

A partial vacuum reduces heat transfer by conduction and convection, and the reflective silvered surface of the walls reduces heat transfer by radiation.

51
Q

Coulomb’s law

A

the force of attraction between two charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distances separating them.

52
Q

What is the potential difference between two points of an electric field?

A

the work-per-unit charge needed to move the charge from one point to another

53
Q

The three laws of static electricity as developed by Benji

A

Bodies charged with static electricity attract uncharged bodies.
Like electric charges repel each other.
Unlike electric charges attract each other.

54
Q

If a charged rod is brought near an electroscope and the leaves diverge father, what happens?

A

Either both are positive or both are negative.

55
Q

What is an electric field?

A

the region of force that surrounds a charged object

Physics (22 decks)

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