Micro Organisms and Their Correlated Diseases

Question 1

Chronic Conjunctivitis

Answer 1

Staph Epidermidis

Question 2

Conjunctivitis

Answer 2

Neonate Bacterial: Chylmidia trachomatis, N. gonorrhea, S. aureas
Children Bacterial: S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, H. influenza
Adult Bacterial: S. aureus (C. trachomomatis (inclusion body and trachoma)

Neonate Viral: HSV
Adult Viral: Adneovirus (also HSV, Cocksackie, and VZV)

Question 3

Hyperacute Conjunctivitis

Answer 3

N. gonorrhoeae

Question 4

Keratoconjunctivitis

Answer 4

HSV-1

Question 5

Keratitis

Answer 5

Viral - HSV-1

Bacterial - S aureus, S. epi, P, aeruginosa, and B. Cereus

Acanthamoeba

Question 6

Uveitis

Answer 6

Iritis - Treponema pallidum, HSV, VZV

Chorioretinitis - Toxoplasma and CMV (HIV positive and neonates) Toxocara canis adn Onchocereca volvulus

Question 7

Endopthalmitis

Answer 7

Normal Flora (psuedomonas, staphylococci, or candida) secondary to cataract surgery

Question 8

Acute Otitits Media

Answer 8

Bacterial: S. pneumoniae (25-50%) H. influenza non-typable (15-30%), Moraxella catarrhalis (3-20%),

Viral: 5-22% especially RSV and rhinovirus

No pathogen identified: 16-25%

Question 9

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 9

Gram positive diplococci that is transmitted by secretions.

Asymptomatic colonization of naso-oropharynx

Resistance due to changes in penicillin binding protein (clavulanate won’t help –> azithromycin)

Capsule - blocks phagocytosis by interfering with the deposition of complement on surface of organism

Choline-binding proteins - bind carbohydrates present on surface of epithelial cells

Neuraminidases - cleave host mucins

Pneumolysin - pore forming toxin is released that disrupts cilia

Question 10

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer 10

Small, pleomorphic, gram-negative, coccibacillus, nonmotile, biolfilms, facultative.

Chocolate agar

Nontypeable-nonencapsulated

Many have Beta-lactamases

Increased prevalence due to vaccine coverage of S. pneumo and typable H. inf

Question 11

Moraxella catarrhalis

Answer 11

Gram negative aerobic diplococcus, oxidase-positive, nonmotile, chocolate agar (hockey puck test!), pili

95% produce Beta-lactamases

Question 12

Otitis Externa

Answer 12

Acute localized - Staph
Acute diffuse - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Malignant- Pseudomanas aeruginosa
Fungal - Aspergillus and Candida Albicans

Question 13

Toxoplasma

Answer 13

Most common parasitic disease. Late term congenital infx = progressive blindness, dx w/ IgM. Treat w. pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine

Question 14

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 14

Gram negative, aerobic rod, flagella

Contact lens wearers at greatest risk, opportunistic infx

Naturally resistant to many antibiotics due to biofilm capability

Produces pyocyanin which inhibit mitochondrial enzymes

Question 15

Acanthomoeba

Answer 15

Single cell, eukaryote that causes keratitis

Treat w/ -azoles

Question 16

CMV

Answer 16

Virus that is most common in HIV positive and neonates causing vision loss from chorioretinitis.

Brushfire eye exam