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Neuroanatomy Block 2 > Lecture 2: Neural Development > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Neural Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three structures of the fetal brain at 3-7 weeks?

A

Forebrain (Prosencephalon)
Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon)

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2
Q

What does the forebrain turn into?

A

Cerebral Cortex

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3
Q

What does the notocord cause to happen?

A

Thickens the neural plate from the ectoderm. Fibroblast growth factor causes the neural plate to turn into spinal cord.

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4
Q

What is derived from the neural fold?

A

Neural crest cells. They migrate away.

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5
Q

What does the notocord lumen become?

A

Future ventricles of the brain

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6
Q

What do the cells of the neural tube become?

A

Future CNS

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7
Q

What do the neural crest cells become?

A

Future sensory and autonomic ganglia; glial cells

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8
Q

How is secondary neuralation different from primary?

A

Secondary (caudal, S2 and below) starts from “Mesenchymal to epithelial transition”- The tube forms underneath the epithelium. The primary neurulation happens as the tube zips up.

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9
Q

How are the alar and basal plates situated?

A

Alar is dorsal, Basal is ventral around the neural tube.

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10
Q

What does the Alar plate become?

A

Sensory neurons

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11
Q

What does the basal plate become?

A

Motor neurons

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12
Q

What are the three zones of cells around the notocord?

A

Germinal/Matrix zone (innermost, has neural stem cells and neuroblasts)

Mantle (has newly born neurons, glia; will become gray matter)

Marginal Zone (outer most; will become white matter with axons)
Ependymal Cells line the lumen of the nodal cord, will become CNS
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13
Q

What determines what neural crest cells become?

A

Location and chemicals in that location

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14
Q

What are neuromeres?

A

Different segments of the notocord

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15
Q

What does the prosencephalon turn into?

A

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

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16
Q

What does the mesencephalon turn into?

A

Mesencephalon

17
Q

What does the rhomencephalon turn into?

A

Metencephalon

Myelencephalon

18
Q

What does the telencephalon turn into?

A

Lateral ventricles
Cerebrum
Basal ganglia

19
Q

What does the diencephalon turn into?

A

Thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus
Third ventricle

20
Q

What does the mesencephalon turn into?

A

Midbrain

Cerebral aqueduct

21
Q

What does the metencephalon turn into?

A

Pons
Cerebellum
Fourth ventricle

22
Q

What does the myelencephalon turn into?

A

Medulla oblongata

Fourth ventricle

23
Q

Where does CSF come from?

A

Ependymal cells which are covered by pia mater, interior to arachnoid matter. Blood vessels push down into pia mater and ependymal cells. CSF leaks from vessels.

24
Q

What causes cerebral palsy?

A

Blood vessels burst in premature infants near lateral ventricle. They can’t control blood pressure in those vessels around upper motor neurons.

25
Q

Where are viscerosensory cell bodies compared to somatosensory?

A

Ventrally

26
Q

How are the neurons situated after the brainstem splits?

A

Motor is medial, sensory is lateral

27
Q

What do branchial arches give rise to?

A

Branchiomotor muscles
Special ear somatosensory
Special taste/olfactory viscerosensory

28
Q

Where does the cerebellum come from?

A

Alar plate cells migrate dorsally to the rhombic lip in the pons which came from metencephalon

29
Q

Where do the vertebrae come from?

A

Sclerotome cells migrate down and then up and around the neural tube

30
Q

Where do face bones come from?

A

Neural crest cells migrate into branchial arches

31
Q

Where do skull bones come from?

A

Cells from head somites travel down into branchial arches.

32
Q

What are dorsal root ganglia made from?

A

Neural crest cells

33
Q

Sulcus Limitans

A

Divids the mantle into basal and alar plates in the spinal cord

34
Q

Optic vesicle origin

A

Diencephalon before the anterior neuropore closes

35
Q

Posterior Pituitary Origin

A

Midline evagination in floor of forebrain

36
Q

Pineal Gland Origin

A

Midline evagination in caudal roof of forebrain

37
Q

What is the internal capsule?

A

Bundle of axons heading from the telencephalic cells to the diencephalon, brainstem, and spinal cord.

38
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

The lamina terminalis that remains as the connection between the two cerebral hemispheres

Neuroanatomy Block 2 (10 decks)

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