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Head & Neck gross > Exam 03 - questions from packets & lecture > Flashcards

Exam 03 - questions from packets & lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the eye forms the skeleton of the eye?

A

tarsal plates, made of connective tissue

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2
Q

Which muscle arises from medial palpebral ligament?

A

obicularis oculi

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3
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the fibers to the lacrimal gland?

A

facial nerve

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4
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies superior oblique?

A

trochlear nerve

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5
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies lateral rectus?

A

abducens nerve

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6
Q

Which nerves are responsible for motor supply?

A

CN III, IV, VI

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7
Q

What is the nerve supply to superior tarsus muscle?

A

sympathetic fibers

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8
Q

The lacrimal apparatus consists of:

A 
lacrimal gland
lacrimal ducts
lacrimal canaliculi
lacrimal punctum
lacrimal sac
nasolacrimal duct
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9
Q

What are the 7 extraocular muscles of the eye?

A 
levator palpebrae superioris
superior rectus
inferior rectus
medial rectus
lateral rectus
superior oblique
inferior oblique
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10
Q

Which cells of the retina form the axons?

A

ganglion cells

- sensory nerves of vision

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11
Q

Which branch of the ocular motor nerve carries pre-ganglionic fibers to the ciliary ganglion?

A

nerve to the inferior oblique

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12
Q

What muscle is supplies the superior oblique, entering through superior orbital fissure?

A

Trochlear nerve - CN IV

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13
Q

Which nerve supplies the Lateral Rectus muscle?

A

Abducens nerve - CN VI

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14
Q

What are the three connections coming from ciliary ganglion?

A

motor root
sensory root
sympathetic root

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15
Q

The sensory root of ciliary ganglion is formed by?

A

nasociliary root (branch of ophthalmic division)

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16
Q

sympathetic root is coming from?

A

internal carotid plexus

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17
Q

motor nerve root is coming from?

A

oculomotor nerve

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18
Q

Long ciliary nerves are branches of?

A

nasociliary nerve

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19
Q

What is the main artery that supplies the orbit?

A

ophthalmic artery

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20
Q

What are the branches of the ophthalmic artery?

A

central artery of the retina
short posterior ciliary artery
long posterior ciliary artery

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21
Q

End arteries

A

do NOT anastomose with any other arteries

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22
Q

If the central artery of the retina, the END ARTERY, is damaged…

A

the person goes blind

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23
Q

What is the termination of ophthalmic veins?

A

cavernous sinus

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24
Q

The inner layer of the eye is the neural layer containing?

A

rods & cones

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25
Q

The part of the eyeball that first receives the light?

A

cornea

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26
Q

The three parts of the eye?

A

outer layer - fibrous layer
middle layer - vascular layer
inner layer - neural layer

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27
Q

What are the anterior and posterior parts of the eye?

A

Anterior part - cornea

posterior part - sclera

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28
Q

What is the angle formed by the sclera and cornea?

A

corneal limbus - at the corneoscleral junction

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29
Q

There are 3 parts to the middle layer?

A

iris - anterior (innermost part)
ciliary body - muscular middle
choroid - posterior part

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30
Q

what is the ciliary body made of?

A

finger-like projections - ciliary processes & ciliaris muscle (intrinsic muscles - inside the eye)

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31
Q

What is the nerve supply to ciliaris muscle?

A

innervation is parasympathetic fibers running through ciliary ganglion coming from oculomotor nerve

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32
Q

What is the main action of the ciliaris muscle?

A

accommodation: focus nearby & far away objects

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33
Q

What is the central aperture of the iris?

A

pupil

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34
Q

The size of the pupil is controlled by which two muscles?

A

sphincter/restrictor pupillae - constricts pupil

dilator pupillae - dilates pupil

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35
Q

What is the central aperture of the iris that controls the entry of light?

A

pupil

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36
Q

What is the nerve supply of the restrictor pupillae?

A

parasympathetic fibers running through oculomotor nerve

decreases the pupil

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37
Q

What is the nerve supply of dilator pupillae?

A

Sympathetic fibers

increases the diameter of the pupil

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38
Q

What is the sensory neural layer of the eye?

A

retina

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39
Q

Where are the rods and cones located?

A

2nd layer of the retina

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40
Q

What makes the optic nerve?

A

collectively the axons of the ganglion cells of the retina

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41
Q

What is the circular area without photo receptors?

A

optic disc
aka “optic papilla”
aka “blind spot”
aka

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42
Q

What is the macula lutea?

A

circular area where you have special photo receptors

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43
Q

What is the depression in the center of the macula?

A

fovea centralis - 1.5 mm diameter

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44
Q

Which part of the following is meant for “acute vision”?

A

fovea centralis

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45
Q

What is the main artery of the retina?

A

central artery of the retina

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46
Q

Where does the central artery & vein drain into?

A

cavernous sinuses

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47
Q

Where do the cones and rods receive nutrients from?

A

capillary lamina of the choroid

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48
Q

Which is the primary refractory medium of the eye?

A

cornea

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49
Q

What is aqueous humor?

A

fluid produced by ciliary processes

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50
Q

Which of the following structures are avascular?

A

lens & cornea

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51
Q

What does the scleareal corneal junction empty into?

A

venous plexus

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52
Q

What is termination of aqueous humor fluid?

A

Venous plexus

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53
Q

If this fluid is not absorbed on a regular basis, what happens?

A

glaucoma - fluid buildup can cause increased intraocular pressure = blindness
(in days or hours)

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54
Q

What is the action of the ciliary muscle?

A

accommodation - changing shape of lens

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55
Q

What is the vitreous humor?

A

intraocular fluid in posterior segment of eye

also gives support to lens (behind iris)

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56
Q

What is the nerve supply to ciliaris muscle?

A

parasympathetic via oculomotor nerve

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57
Q

How many cartilages is the skeleton made of in the larynx?

A

9

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58
Q

The larynx:

A

located: C3-C6
anterior - narrow aka “thyroid cartilage”
posterior - expanded aka “lamina”

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59
Q

What is the largest cartilage of the larynx?

A

thyroid cartilage (C4)

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60
Q

What 3 smaller cartilages are located on the posterior side of larynx?

A

(all bilateral)
arytenoid
corniculate
cuneiform

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61
Q

What is the anterior prominence?

A

adam’s apple

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62
Q

What two structures pierce the thyrohyoid membrane?

A

internal laryngeal nerve

superior laryngeal artery

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63
Q

Which cartilage lies close to the roof of the tongue?

A

epiglottis - heart-shaped

looks like a leaf

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64
Q

What controls sound production?

A

the vocal folds

vestibular & vocal

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65
Q

What are the the ligament & muscle involved in sound production?

A

vocal ligament

vocalis muscle

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66
Q

What are the “false folds”?

A

vestibular folds

  • superior fold
  • NO VOICE PRODUCTION
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67
Q

What is the true sound production fold?

A

vocal fold

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68
Q

What does the Laryngeal cavity communicate with?

A

Laryngopharynx

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69
Q

What is the Rima Vestibuli?

A

slit located b/w the 2 vestibular folds

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70
Q

Which of the following is an intrinsic muscle?

A

supplied by recurrent laryngeal nerve

except cricothyroid

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71
Q

What nerve supplies the cricothyroid?

A

external laryngeal nerve

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72
Q

What part does the inferior laryngeal nerve supply?

A

inferior thyroid

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73
Q

Where does the superior laryngeal nerve supply?

A

superior thyroid

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74
Q

Where does the Cricothyroid artery come from?

A

superior thyroid

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75
Q

3 nerves supply larynx?

A

sensory - internal laryngeal nerve
motor - external laryngeal nerve
mixed - recurrent (s & m)

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76
Q

What is Ligamentum arteriosum?

A

fibrous remnant of ductus arteriosis (from fetus)

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77
Q

What are the two branches of the Recurrent Laryngeal nerve?

A

R- shorter around subclavian

L - longer - around arch of aorta

78
Q

Which nerve supplies superior to vocal folds?

A

internal laryngeal nerve

79
Q

Which nerve supplies inferior to the vocal folds?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

80
Q

What type of cartilage makes up the tracheal rings?

A

fibrocartilagenous tube

81
Q

Where does the vertebral layer of trachea divide into bronchial tubes?

A

T4 / T5 disc level
divides into R & L
principle or primary brochi

82
Q

What is the dense connective tissue?

A

thick, dense

well-supplied w/ cutaneous nerves & blood

83
Q

What is contained is loose areolar tissue?

A

emissary veins

dangerous layers of scalp

84
Q

What supplies the skin of the forehead & scalp to vertex?

A

supraorbital nerve

85
Q

What nerve supplies the skin of the posterior 2/3 of the temporal region?

A

auriculotemporal nerve

86
Q

What is the origin of the Buccinator muscle?

A

pterygomandibular raphe
alveolar processes of maxilla
alveolar processes of mandible

87
Q

What is the action of the Buccinator muscle?

A

compress cheek against the teeth

88
Q

What elevates the labila commissure bilaterally to smile?

A

happiness

89
Q

What is the origin of the Levator anguli oris?

A

canine fossa of the maxilla

90
Q

What is the origin of Risorius muscle?

A

parotid fascia &

buccal skin

91
Q

What is the nerve supply to mentalis muscle?

A

marginal branch of facial nerve

92
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Platysma muscle?

A

cervical branch of facial nerve

93
Q

What is the nerve supply of Obicularis Oculi?

A

temporal &

zygomatic branches of facial nerve

94
Q

What nerve supplies the skin on the medial part of the upper eyelid?

A

Infratrochlear nerve

95
Q

What does the Infraorbital nerve supply?

A 
skin of upper cheek
lower eyelid
part of the nose
part of skin
mucosa of upper lip
96
Q

What supplies the skin superior to the auricle and skin over the parotid gland?

A

Auriculotemporal nerve

97
Q

What does the Marginal Mandibular branch innervate?

A

risorius muscle

muscles of lower lip & chin

98
Q

What is the terminal branch of the facial artery?

A

angular artery

99
Q

Where does the facial nerve begin?

A

medial angle of eye

union of supratrochlear & supraorbital veins

100
Q

What is derived from the investing layer of deep cervical fascia?

A

the parotid sheet (capsule)

101
Q

What are the structures embedded within the substance of the parotid gland?

A

parotid plexus of facial nerve & branches
retromandibular vein
external carotid artery
parotid lymph nodes

102
Q

What fibers come from the glossopharyngeal nerve, CN IX, and run to the Otic ganglion?

A

Parasympathetic presynaptic fibers

103
Q

What is the insertion of the Temporalis muscle?

A

coronoid process of mandible &

anterior border of ramus of mandible

104
Q

What are the actions of the Temporalis muscle?

A

elevate & retract the mandible

105
Q

What is the insertion of the Masseter muscle?

A

angle & lateral surface of ramus of mandible

106
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Masseter muscle?

A

masseteric nerve

branch of anterior division of mandibular nerve

107
Q

What are the actions of the Masseter muscle?

A

elevate & protrude mandible

108
Q

What is the Insertion of the Lateral Pterygoid muscle?

A

(2-headed muscle)
upper head - joint capsule & articular disc of TM Joint

lower head - Ptyergoid fovea on neck of mandible

109
Q

What is the origin of the Deep Head of the Medial Pterygoid muscle?

A

medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate & pyramidal process of palatine bone

110
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Medial Pterygoid muscle?

A

trunk of mandibular nerve

111
Q

What are the actions of the Medial Pterygoid muscle?

A

elevate & protrude the mandible

112
Q

What are the 3 parts of the Infratemporal Fossa?

A

Part I - mandibular part
Part II - Pterygoid part
Part III - Pterygopalatine part

113
Q

What is the terminal part of the Maxillary artery?

A

Sphenopalatine artery

114
Q

What nerve descends through the Foramen Ovale?

A

Mandibular nerve

115
Q

What are the Anterior Division branches of the Mandibular nerve?

A

Buccal
Masseteric
Deep Temporal
Pterygoid

116
Q

What are the branches of the Posterior Division of Mandibular nerve?

A

Lingual
Auriculotemporal
Inferior Alveolar

117
Q

What nerve encircles the Middle Meningeal Artery?

A

Auriculotemporal nerve

118
Q

What does the Lingual nerve supply?

A

GENERAL SENSATION to the ANTERIOR 2/3 of tongue

119
Q

What nerve carries taste fibers to ANTERIOR 2/3 of tongue, secretomotor fibers for submandibular & sublingual salivary glands?

A

Chorda Tympani nerve

120
Q

Where is the Otic ganglion located?

A

inferior to foramen ovale
medial to mandibular nerve
posterior to medial pterygoid muscle

121
Q

What is the primary passive support of mandible & serves as fulcrum & CHECK LIGAMENT for mvmts of mandible @ TM joint. aka “swinging hinge”

A

Sphenomandibular ligament

122
Q

What muscles are for lateral movements “grinding & chewing”?

A

Temporalis muscle of same side
Pterygoid muscle of opposite side
Masseter muscle

123
Q

What is the principal muscle of the CHEEK?

A

Buccinator

124
Q

How is the Palatine Aponeurosis formed?

A

expanded tendon of Tensor Veli Palatini

125
Q

What is the nerve supply to Tensor Veli Palatini?

A

nerve to Medial Ptyergoid, branch of Mandibular nerve via Otic ganglion

126
Q

What is the nerve supply of Levator Veli Palatini?

A

pharyngeal branch of Vagus nerve, via pharyngeal plexus

127
Q

What is the nerve supply to Palatoglossus?

A

pharyngeal branch of Vagus nerve, via pharyngeal plexus

128
Q

What is the nerve supply to Palatopharyngeus?

A

pharyngeal branch of Vagus nerve, via pharyngeal plexus

129
Q

All muscles of the soft palate are supplied through what? (except tensor veli palatini)

A

pharyngeal plexus of nerves

130
Q

Circumvallate papillae

A

large
lie anterior to terminal sulcus
V-shaped
studded w/ taste buds

131
Q

What is the nerve supply of Genioglossus m?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

132
Q

What supplies GENERAL SENSATION to ANTERIOR 2/3 of tongue?

A

Lingual nerve

branch of mandibular nerve

133
Q

What nerve supplies special sensation, taste fibers to ANTERIOR 2/3 of tongue?

A

Chorda tympani nerve

branch of facial nerve

134
Q

What nerve supplies both general & special sensations to POSTERIOR 1/3 of tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

135
Q

What supplies mostly general & some special sensation to root of tongue in front of epiglottis?

A

Internal laryngeal nerve

branch of Vagus nerve -CN X

136
Q

What kind of fibers are conveyed by the facial, chorda tympani, & lingual nerves to synapse in the submandibular ganglion?

A

Presynaptic parasympathetic secretomotor fibers

137
Q

Where does the Pterygopalatine ganglion lie?

A

Pterygopalatine fossa suspended by the ganglionic branches of Maxillary nerve

138
Q

What nerve conveys secretomotor fibers to the lacrimal gland?

A

ganglionic branches of the Maxillary nerve

139
Q

What is the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

A

septal cartilage

perpendicular plate of ethmoid & vomer

140
Q

What receives the opening of Posterior Ethmoidal Sinus?

A

Superior meatus

141
Q

What is the Ethmoidal Bulla?

A

rounded elevations formed by the middle ethmoidal sinus

142
Q

Where does the nasolacrimal duct open?

A

inferior meatus - anterior part

143
Q

Where does each sinus open into?

A

Semilunar Hiatus of middle Meatus

144
Q

What are the relations of the Sphenoidal sinus?

A 
optic nerve
optic chiasma
pituitary gland
internal carotid artery
cavernous sinus
145
Q

What are the largest of the paranasal sinuses?

A

Maxillary sinuses

146
Q

What is the anterior fold in the pharynx?

A

Salpingopalatine fold

147
Q

What is the posterior fold in the pharynx?

A

Salpingopharyngeal fold

148
Q

What is the mucous fold extending from the soft palate to the tongue?

A

Palatoglossal arch / fold

149
Q

What muscle covers the Palatoglossal fold?

A

Palatoglossus muslce

150
Q

What is the Palatine tonsil?

A

collection of lymphoid tissue b/w Palatoglossal & Palatopharyngeal arches

151
Q

What are the contents of the Piriform recess?

A

Internal laryngeal n
Recurrent Laryngeal n
Superior Laryngeal artery

152
Q

What is the origin of the Superior Constrictor m?

A

Pterygoid hamulus
Pterygomandibular raphe
Posterior end of mylohyoid line of mandible
side of tongue

153
Q

What is the origin of the Middle Constrictor m?

A

stylohyoid ligament

greater & lesser horns of hyoid bone

154
Q

What is the origin of the Inferior Constrictor?

A

oblique line of thyroid cartilage & side of cricoid cartilage

155
Q

Where does the auditory tube run?

A

superior to superior constrictor muscle

156
Q

What is located b/w Superior & Middle constrictor muscles?

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle

Glossopharyngeal nerve

157
Q

What is located between the Middle & Inferior constrictor muscles?

A

Internal Laryngeal nerve

Superior Laryngeal artery

158
Q

What lies inferior to Inferior Constrictor muscle?

A

Recurrent Laryngeal nerve

Inferior Laryngeal artery

159
Q

What nerve supplies the Tensor Veli Palatini muscle?

A

mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

160
Q

Where does the esophagus begin?

A

inferior border of cricoid cartilage

at level of C6

161
Q

What nerve runs in the groove between the trachea & esophagus?

A

The Recurrent Laryngeal nerve

162
Q

What does the handle of the malleus attach to?

A

inner surface of membrane

163
Q

What is the tympanic cavity connected to anteriorly?

A

Nasopharynx by auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube

164
Q

What is contained in the Labryinthine wall? (medial wall)

A

promontory
oval window
round window

165
Q

What is contained in the Mastoid wall? (posterior wall)

A

aditus to mastoid antrum
facial canal
pyramidal eminence

166
Q

What is contained in the Carotid Wall? (anterior wall)

A

carotid canal (internal carotid a. w/ sympathetic plexus)
opening of pharyngotympanic tube
canal for tensor tympani m.

167
Q

Where does the Tendon of Tensor Tympani muscle insert?

A

handle of malleus & chorda tympani nerve crosses it

168
Q

What is the origin of the Stapedius? (smallest voluntary muscle of body)

A

pyramidal eminence in posterior wall of tympanic cavity

169
Q

What is the bony labyrinth composed of?

A

cochlea
vestibule
3 semicircular canals

170
Q

What does the bony labyrinth contain?

A

perilymph

171
Q

What does the membranous labryinth contain?

A

endolymph

172
Q

What does the Membranous Labyrinth consist of?

A 
sacs & tubes
utricle
saccule
duct of cochlea 
3 semicircular ducts
173
Q

What transmits the facial nerve, branches of vestibulocochlear nerve, & Labyrinthine vessels?

A

Internal Acoustic Meatus

174
Q

When do the Pharyngeal arches begin to develop?

A

4th week of development

175
Q

What is the First Pharyngeal arch?

A

Mandibular arch

176
Q

What is the cartilage of the First Arch?

A

Meckel’s Cartilage

177
Q

What is the nerve of the First Arch?

A

Mandibular nerve

178
Q

What muscles are developed from the first arch?

A 
4 muscles of mastication:
masseter
temporalis
lateral ptyergoid
medial ptyergoid

ant belly of digastric
mylohyoid
tensor tympani
tensor veli palatini

179
Q

What arch makes a major contribution to the formation of the Hyoid bone?

A

Second Pharyngeal Arch

Hyoid Arch

180
Q

What are the muscles developed from the Second Arch?

A 
Occipitofrontalis
all muscles of facial expression
platysma
stylohyoid
post belly of digastric
stapedius
181
Q

What is the nerve of the 3rd Pharyngeal arch?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

182
Q

What muscle is developed from the 3rd Arch?

A

Stylopharyngeus m.

183
Q

What 2 arches merge?

A

Fourth & Sixth

184
Q

What cartilages develop from the 4th & 6th arches?

A 
thyroid
cricoid
arytenoid
corniculate
cuneiform
185
Q

Which arch Disappears?

A

5th Pharyngeal Arch

186
Q

What pouch gives rise to the Palatine Tonsil?

A

2nd Pouch

187
Q

What does the 3rd Pouch give rise to?

A

Inferior Parathyroid gland

Thymus

188
Q

What does the 4th Pouch give rise to?

A

Superior Parathyroid gland

189
Q

What CELLS does the 4th Pouch (Ultimobranchial body) give rise to?

A

Parafollicular cells of thyroid gland

190
Q

What pouch is Rudimentary?

A

5th Pouch

Head & Neck gross (5 decks)

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