Superficial Face

Question 0

Scalp - skin

Answer 0

stratified squamous keritinized epithelium with varying amount of hair follicles

Question 1

What are the layers of the scalp?

Answer 1

S - skin of scalp
C - close, subcutaneous tissue layer
A - aponeurotic layer
L - loos subaponeurotic layer
P - periosteum of the cranium

Question 2

Scalp - close, subcutaneous layer

Answer 2

subdivided into a fatty, avascular superficial portion
highly vascular deep portion

scalp lacerations involving deep portion tend to bleed profusely
tension on this layer causes wouds to separate, making hemostasis difficult

Question 3

Scalp - aponeurotic layer

Answer 3

galea aponeurotica
connects frontalis with occiptalis muscle
peel this away is a surgical approach for a lot of things

Question 4

Scalp - loos subaponeuroitc layer

Answer 4

potential space comprised of loos areolar CT.

infections in this layer may readily spread, via emissary veins to the venous sinuses surrounding the brain

Question 5

scalp - periosteum

Answer 5

poor osteogenic properties.

can fibrose over, bu bone doesn’t grow back.

Question 6

see a ‘goose egg’ on skull

Answer 6

could be hematoma, could be csf,

care about infiltrating bone fragments

Question 7

largest blood vessel to the scalp

Answer 7

superficial temporal artery

Question 8

depressed skull fractures

Answer 8

hematomas - may be bleeding out of dural venous sinus
may have bone in brain tissue and re want to remove that
if we leave it, it will scar and increase risk of siezures

Question 9

What types of nerves supply the scalp

Answer 9

Cervical nerves

branches of trigeminal nerve

Question 10

major nerve of scalp

Answer 10

auriculotemporal nerve V3

Question 11

Greater occipital nerve companion artery

Answer 11

occipital

Question 12

lesser occipital nerve companion artery

Answer 12

posterior auricular

Question 13

auriculotemporal n companion artery

Answer 13

superficial temporal

Question 14

supra orbital n companion artery

Answer 14

supraorbital

Question 15

supratrochlear n companion artery

Answer 15

supratrochlear

Question 16

Venous drainage of the scalp

Answer 16

veins of scalped named for the arteries they run with
drain indirectly into venous sinuses via EMISSARY VEINS
important for spread of scalp infections to brain

Question 17

What important structures are embedded in the parotid gland

Answer 17

facial nerve
retromandibular vein
external carotid artery

Question 18

in the parotid gland, what is facial nerve’s relationship to the retromandibular vein

Answer 18

lateral to retromandibular vein

Question 19

what branch of facial do we find first and use it to find the others

Answer 19

buccal

Question 20

Innervation of parotid gland

Answer 20

sympathetic - post ganglionic fibers from internal carotid plexus–> caroticotypmanic nerve–>tympanic plexus–>lesser petrosal nerve–>otic ganglion and auriculotemporal nerve before terminating in gland

parasympathetic - inferior salivatory nucleus–> course in glossopharyngeal nerve, tympanic nerve, tympanic plexus, and lesser petrosal nerve–>synapse in otic ganglion–> parotid gland via auriculotemporal nerve.

Question 21

facial nerve - associated nuclei

Answer 21

descending nucleus of V
solitary nucleus
motor nucleus of VII
superior salivatory nucleus

Question 22

what nucleus receives GSA information from skin of posterior surface of the auricle

Answer 22

descending nucleus of V

Question 23

what nucleus recieves SVA taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

Answer 23

solitary nucleus

Question 24

what nucleus innervates the muscles of facial expression SVE

Answer 24

motor nucleus of VII

Question 25

what nucleus sends preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to sphenopalatine and submandibular ganglion

Answer 25

superior salivatory nucleus

Question 26

Facial nerve sensory and motor components

Answer 26

SVA - sensory to taste buds on anterior 2/3 of tongue

SVE - motor to muscles of facial expression

Question 27

Etiology of Bell’s palsy

Answer 27

may be idiopathic, surgical, traumatic, or due to a tumor of the parotid gland

Question 28

S/S of Bells palsy

Answer 28

drooping of lower lid (ectropion)
piphora (spilling of tears from the eye)
drying of cornea
--->unable to close lid
inability to wink
unequal smile
drooling from corner of mouth
hyperacusis

Question 29

Bell’s phenomena

Answer 29

try to close eyes, their eye will roll up

Question 30

Divisions of trigeminal nerve

Answer 30

V1 Ophthalamic
V2 Maxillary
V3 Mandibular