What is an organic compound ?
A compound that contains carbon atoms
Define the term ‘hydrocarbon’ ?
Hydrocarbon - A compound containing carbon and hydrogen atoms only
What are the two types of hydrocarbons ?
- Saturated
- Unsaturated
What are saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons ?
- Saturated hydrocarbons contain carbon-carbon single bonds only
- Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain carbon-carbon multiple bonds ( double/ triple )
Define the term ‘homologous series’ ?
Homologous series - A family of organic compounds with similar chemical properties/ with the same functional group whose successive member differ by the addition of a -CH2- group
Define the term ‘functional group’ ?
Functional group - The part of the organic molecule which determines it’s chemical properties
What can hydrocarbons be classified as ?
- Aliphatic
- Alicyclic
- Aromatic
What does the term ‘aliphatic’ mean ?
Aliphatic : Carbon atoms are joined in unbranched, branched chains or non-aromatic rings
What does the term ‘alicyclic’ mean ?
Alicyclic : Carbon atoms are joined in ring/ cyclic structures ( with or without branches )
What does the term ‘aromatic’ mean ?
Aromatic : Some or all carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring
What are the three homologues series of aliphatic hydrocarbons ?
- Alkanes ( contains single C-C bonds only )
- Alkenes ( contains at least 1 C-C double bond )
- Alkynes ( Contains at least 1 C-C triple bond )
What are the steps in naming alkanes ?
- Identify the longest continuous chain
- Number the carbons on the longest chain from the end closest to the first branch
- List the branches in alphabetical order
- Prefix each branch name with the number of the carbon which its attached to
- If multiple branches of the same type, denote how many branches of this type there are ( using di- tri- , etc… )
What are the steps in naming alicyclic alkanes ?
- The process is the same as for alkanes
- The prefix ‘cyclo-‘ is placed in front of the set to show carbons are arranged in a ring structure
Do you know how to name alkanes ?
Yes
What are the steps in naming alkenes ?
- The process is similar as for alkanes
- Number the carbons on the longest chain from the end closer to the first double bond
- If multiple double bonds, denote the number using -diene, -triene
Do you know how to name alkenes ?
Yes
What are the steps in naming compound containing functional groups ?
- Identify the longest unbranched chain of carbon atoms
- Number the carbon atoms from the end containing ( OH > C=C > Haloalkane )
- Identify any functional groups and branches, selecting appropriate prefixes and suffixes for them
- List them in alphabetical order
- Number any groups to indicate their position
Do you know hot name compounds containing functional groups ?
Yes
What are the stems based off the number of carbons in the longest chain ?
- One carbon = meth-
- Two carbons = eth-
- Three carbons = prop-
- Four carbons = but-
- Five carbons = pent-
- Six carbons = hex-
- Seven carbons = hept-
- Eight carbons = oct-
- Nine carbons = non-
- Ten carbons = dec-
What are the prefixes used to denote the number of branches/ functional groups ?
- Two = di-
- Three = tri-
- Four = tetra-
- Five = penta-
- Six = hexa-
What is the functional group and prefix/suffix of alkenes ?
What is the functional group and prefix/suffix of alcohols ?
What is the functional group and prefix/suffix of haloalkanes ?
What is the functional group and prefix/suffix of aldehydes ?
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1.1 - Practical skills assessed in a written examination0
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1.2 - Practical skills assessed in the practical endorsement0
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2.1 - Atoms, compounds, molecules and equations35
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2.2 - Amount of substance26
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2.3 - Acid–base and redox reactions29
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2.4 - Electrons, bonding and structure42
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2.5 - Shapes of molecules and intermolecular forces47
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3.1 - The periodic table and periodicity71
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3.2 - Group 2 and the halogens52
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3.3 - Qualitative analysis23
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3.4 - Enthalpy changes32
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3.5 - Reaction rates and equilibrium (qualitative)38
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4.1 - Basic concepts44
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4.2 - Hydrocarbons37
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4.2 - Alkenes52
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4.3 - Alcohols and haloalkanes53
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4.4 - Organic synthesis12
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4.5 - Analytical techniques (IR and MS)17
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5.1 - Reaction rates and equilibrium (quantitative)71
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5.2 - pH and buffers60
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5.3 - Enthalpy, entropy and free energy48
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5.4 - Redox and electrode potentials56
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5.5 - Transition elements51
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6.1 - Aromatic compounds59
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6.2 - Carbonyl compounds29
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6.3 - Carboxylic acids and esters46
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6.4 - Nitrogen compounds49
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6.5 - Polymers20
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6.6 - Organic synthesis23
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6.7 - Chromatography and spectroscopy (NMR)13
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3.3 - Qualitative analysis COPY20
