Exam 2 Flashcards
What is the primary function of Calcitonin
Decrease Plasma calcium
Decrease osteoclast cell synthesis and activity
What is a secondary function of Calcitonin
Decrease Pain
What inhibits bone resbsorption
Calcitonin
What secretes calcitonin
C cells of thyroid
Which calcitonin disease is diagnosed when a patient has an adverse rxn to biphosphonates
Osteoporosis
What diseases are associated with calcitonin problems
Osteoporosis
Osteitis (paget’s disease)
What is Pagets disease
Disorder of the normal bone remodeling
What are symptoms of pagets disease
Bone pain Fractures Bowed legs Cauda equina syndrome enlarged skull
Where is parathormone (PTH) synthesised
Dark Chief cells (Parathyroid gland)
What is the function of Parathormone
Maintain calcium and phosphorus in plasma
What is caused by a decrease in parathormone
Decreased calcium in blood (hypocalcaemia)
What are the three primary functions of PTH
Stimulate growth
Increase 100% vit D synthesis
Increase blood calcium
How does PTH increase blood calcium
stimulate osteoclast cell activity
What is the most powerful hormone to increase plasma calcium
PTH
What are the secondary functions of PTH
increase metabolism increase plasma glucose increase blood pressure increase immune response decrease plasma bicarbonate
What are the sites of Vitamin D synthesis
Liver
Kidney
What form of vit D is synthesized in the liver
25-(OH) D3
What form of vit D is synthesized in the kidney
The active form
1,25 (OH)2D3
What chemical class is vitamin D
Seco-steroid
The form of Vit D in the liver (25(OH)D3) is converted in what
1,25(OH)2D3 —– Kidney form
What is the general organ pathway of Vit D
Skin –> liver —> kidney
what regulates the synthesis of Vit D
1-alpha-hydroxylase in the kidney
What regulates 1-alpha-hydroxylase
Parathyroid hormone
What are the primary functions of Vit D
Increase linear height
Increase plasma calcium
What are the secondary functions of Vit D
Stimulate integumentary system (skin and hair)
what is a common problem with vit D deficiency of synthesis problems
Alopecia
What are causes of Vit D deficiency
Sun shunning
lack of Vit D in diet
What are symptoms of vit D deficiency
Increase in Cardiovascular disease Cognitive impairment severe asthma in children some cancers Rickets
Where is substance P synthesised
CNS and PNS
its a Neuropeptide
What is the function of substance P
Transmits pain information about tissue damage to CNS
What receptor does substance P bind to
Neurokinin-1 receptor
What does substance P do to the heart rate
Increase Heart rate (decrease PB)
What systems are at risk of an inflammatory disease caused by substance P
Respiratory
Gastointestinal
Musculoskeletal