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Phase 2 > General Pharmacology > Flashcards

General Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs inhibit the CYP450 enzymes?

A 
Sodium valproate
Isoniazid
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole
Alcohol (acute)
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Sulfonamides
Ciprofloxacin
Omeprazole
Metronidazole
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2
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

What the body does to the drug

ADME

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3
Q

What is bioavailability of a drug?

A

The fraction of a dose which finds its way into a body compartment (usually the circulation)

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4
Q

How do you work out oral bioavailability?

A

Area under curve Oral divided by

Area under curve IV

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5
Q

What affects oral bioavailability?

A

Drug formulation
Age
Food
First-pass metabolism

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6
Q

What is first-pass metabolism?

A

Any metabolism occurring before the drug enters the systemic circulation
Mainly liver, portal venous system and gut lumen

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7
Q

What is volume of distribution?

A

A measure of how widely a drug is distributed in body tissues

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8
Q

How do you calculate volume of distribution?

A

Dose divided by plasma concentration of drug

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9
Q

What drugs induce the CYP450 enzymes?

A 
Carbamazepine
Rifampicin
Alcohol (chronic)
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbitone
Sulphonylureas
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10
Q

What drug overdoses would cause the pupils to be dilated?

A

Anti-cholinergics (TCAs)
Sympathetomimetics (amphetamines)
Ethanol

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11
Q

What drug overdoses cause constricted pupils?

A

Opiates

Nerve agents

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12
Q

What poisoning causes hypo ventilation?

A

Opiates

Carbon monoxide

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13
Q

What overdose can lead to respiratory alkalosis?

A

Salicylates

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14
Q

What drug overdose commonly causes hypokalaemia?

A

Beta agonists

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15
Q

What drug overdoses commonly lead to hypoglycaemia?

A

Insulin

Alcohol

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16
Q

What is the antidote for opiate OD?

A

Naloxone

17
Q

What is the antidote for paracetamol OD?

A

N-acetylcysteine

18
Q

What is the antidote for digoxin toxicity?

A

Digifab

19
Q

With a normal dose, how is most paracetamol metabolised?

A

Conjugated with glucuronide or sulfate

20
Q

How is paracetamol metabolised in an overdose?

A

Conjugation of NAPQI is saturated

Increased toxic levels of NAPQI as glutathione is depleted

21
Q

What are the potential complications of an overdose?

A 
Violence
Hypothermia
Hyperthermia
Convulsions
Rhabdomyolysis
Urinary retention

Phase 2 (21 decks)

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