Intro

Question 1

What 3 things does general anesthesia include?

Answer 1

Muscle relaxation, narcosis, analgesia

Question 2

Analgesia

Answer 2

Loss of sensitivity to pain

Question 3

Nociception

Answer 3

Neural process of encoding noxious stimuli (does not require consciousness)

Question 4

Tranquilization

Answer 4

State of behavioral change, wherin anxiety is relieved and the patient is relaxed, although aware of its surroundings

Question 5

Sedation

Answer 5

State characterized by CNS depression accompanied by drowsiness; the patient is likely unaware of its surroundings

Question 6

Local anesthesia

Answer 6

Loss of sensation in a circumscribed body area

Question 7

Regional anesthesia

Answer 7

Loss of sensation in a larger, though limited, body area

Question 8

Narcosis

Answer 8

Drug-induced state of deep sleep from which a patient cannot be easily aroused; may or may not be accompanied by antinociception

Question 9

General anesthesia

Answer 9

Drug-induced unconsciousness characterized by controlled, reversible depression of the CNS and perception; in this state, the patient is not arousable by noxious stimulation. Sensory, motor, and autonomic reflex functions are attenuated to varying degrees.

Question 10

Dissociative anesthesia

Answer 10

Induced by drugs that dissociate the thalamocortical and limbic systems.
It is characterized by a catatonic state where the eyes remain open and swallowing reflexes remain functional. Skeletal muscle rigidity is common unless a muscle relaxing drug is given in conjunction.
Produced by “dissociative anesthetics”–ketamine and tiletamine (Telazol).

Question 11

Surgical anesthesia

Answer 11

Stage/plane of general anesthesia that provides unconsciousness, muscle relaxation and analgesia sufficient for painless surgery

Question 12

Balanced anesthesia

Answer 12

Induced by a multiple drug approach. Drugs are targeted to attenuate individual components of the anesthetic state; unconsciousness, analgesia, muscle relaxation

Question 13

Inhalation anesthetic

Answer 13

Anesthetic gases (NO) or vapors are inhaled in combination with oxygen

Question 14

Injectable anesthetic

Answer 14

Anesthetic solutions are injected intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously

Question 15

Oral, transmucosal, or intranasal anesthetics

Answer 15

These routes are infrequently used with liquids or gels in anesthesia