Renal 2

Question 1

Genes in PCKD- AD, AR?

Answer 1

AD- PKD-1 gene encoding for polycystin 1 and PKD2 encoding for polycystin 2 which is a membrane protein of uncertain function
Chromosome 16 type 1, chromosome 4 type 2

AR- encodes fibrocystin

Question 2

How do you screen family members of someone with PCKD?

Answer 2

Abdo ultrasound

Age under 30- two cysts on one side or two sides
Age 30-60 - two cysts on both sides
Age over 60- four cysts on both sides
Note only for people with pos FH of the disease

Question 3

Acutely for a renal stone?

Answer 3

Give NSAID ?naproxen and alpha blocker

Question 4

How to prevent calcium stones?

Answer 4

high fluid intake
low animal protein, low salt diet
Normal calcium fine intake
THIAZIDES which increase distal tubular calcium reabsorption

Question 5

Oxalate stones how to prevent?

Answer 5

Cholestyramine reduced urinary oxalate secretion

Pyridoxine reduces urinary oxalate secretion

Question 6

Uric acid stones how to prevent?

Answer 6

Allopurinol

Urinary alkalinisation- oral bicarb

Question 7

Heroin user- what type of GN?

Answer 7

FSGS

Question 8

STaghorn calculi how form?

Answer 8

Proteus and Ureaplasma urealyticum create alkaline urine–>”struvite” = mag, ammonium, phosphate

Question 9

most common type lupus nephritis?

Answer 9

Type 4