Hearing Loss Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between sensorineural and conductive hearing loss?

A

sensorineural involves the inner ear, cochlea, or auditory nerve

Conductive = any cause that limits external sound into the inner ear.

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2
Q

Outer ear causes of hearing loss?

  • congenital
  • infecction
  • trauma
  • tumor
  • systemic dz
  • cerumen
A

Congenital:
-Microtia; absence of malformation of auricle

Infection: otitis externa

Trauma: penetrating trauma to EAC

Tumor: MC tumor of EAC is squamous cell carcinoma, benign growths such as exostosis and osteoma

systemic dz: DM or other immunocompromised state

cerumen: Q tips

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3
Q

Middle ear causes of hearing loss

  • congenital
  • ET dysfunction
  • infection
  • tumors
  • otosclerosis
  • trauma
A

congenital: malformation or fixation of ossicles

ET: viral upper resp tract infection or sinusitis and allergies

Infection: otitis media

Tumor: cholesteatoma

Otosclerosis: bony overgrowth of the footplate of the stapes.

Trauma: TM perforation or barotrauma

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4
Q

Inner ear causes of hearing loss

  • congenital
  • presbycusis
  • infection
  • meniere dz
  • trauma
  • tumor ototoxic substances
A

congenital: nonhereditary= insult to developing cochlea, viral infection CMV, hepatitis, rubella, toxoplasmosis, HIV, and syphilis
hereditary: autosomal recessive (Mondini)

Presybycusis: MC cause of hearing loss WORLDWIDE!!!

Infection: MC in adults is viral cochleitis, MC in children is meningitis

Meniere dz

Trauma: skull fx

Tumors: acoustic neuroma

Ototoxic substance: abx = aminoglycosides, erythromycin, tetracycline. & chemo = cisplatin

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5
Q

Sx of hearing loss?

A
  • unilateral/bilateral hearing deficit
  • difficulty understanding speech, conversations, TV/Radio
  • social withdrawl
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6
Q

Conductive Hearing Loss tx:

  • congenital
  • infection
  • trauma
  • otosclerosis
A

Congenital: surgery if possible, bone conduction hearing aid

Infection: abx

Trauma: surgery

Otosclerosis: surgery to replace immobile stapes with mobile prosthesis or hearing aid

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7
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss Tx:

  • trauma
  • viral
  • menieres
  • tumors
  • irreversable
A

Trauma: corticosteroids

Viral: corticosteroids

Menieres dz: low Na diet, diuretics, corticosteroids

Tumors: surgery or radiation

Irreversible: hearing aids, cochlear implants

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