5.2

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

Study of ecosystems

Question 2

Biosphere

Answer 2

all of the earth’s living components

Question 3

Multicellular organism

Answer 3

Individuals composed of many specialized cells

Question 4

Population

Answer 4

Group of organisms of the same species in the same area

Question 5

Ecosystem

Answer 5

A dynamic system of organisms that interact with each other and their environment.

Question 6

Community

Answer 6

Populations of organisms living together in the same habitat

Question 7

What are non-living factors called

Answer 7

Abiotic factors

Question 8

What are living/dead factors called

Answer 8

Biotic factors

Question 9

Transpiration

Answer 9

Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers.

Question 10

Why is chlorophyll essential for photosynthesis?

Answer 10

Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis as it collects sun rays and makes glucose to allow plants to grow.

Question 11

What happens to an ecosystem if a species disappears

Answer 11

• The species can no longer eat other species or be eaten.
• Instability in food chain/web
• Population decrease

Question 12

Why are bees under threat

Answer 12

destruction of habitat

Question 13

Role of bacteria in an ecosystem

Answer 13

Provides nutrients
produces growth hormones
breaks down dead organic matter into simple inorganic substances.

Question 14

How does energy move through an ecosystem

Answer 14

Energy flows through an ecosystem in a one way stream, from primary producers to various consumers.

Question 15

Producers/autotrophs.:

Answer 15

Organisms that can make their own food

Eg. Plants are producers because they can make their own food(glucose) through photosynthesis.

Question 16

Consumers/heterotrophs.

Answer 16

Organisms that obtain their food by consuming other organisms eg. animals

Question 17

Herbivores

Answer 17

Organism that consumes mostly plants

Question 18

What 4 groups are consumers divided into?

Answer 18

• Herbivores
• Carnivores
• Omnivores
• Detritivore

Question 19

Carnivore

Answer 19

Organism that consumes mostly meat

Question 20

Omnivore

Answer 20

An organism that consumes both meat and plants to survive.

Question 21

detritivore

Answer 21

An organism that consumes dead organic matter like plant detritus.

Question 22

Decomposers

Answer 22

Organisms that break down organic matter into simpler inorganic materials that can be recycled in the ecosystem by producers. eg. fungi and bacteria

Question 23

Inter-specific competition

Answer 23

Competition between different species for limited resources such as food

Question 24

Intra-specific competition

Answer 24

Competition between the same species for limited resources such as food

Question 25

Predator

Answer 25

A predator is an animal that hunts, kills and eats other | animals for food.

Question 26

Define the term prey

Answer 26

Prey is a term used to describe organisms | that predators kill for food.

Question 27

Symbiotic relationships

Answer 27

are close relationships between two species in which at least one species benefit

Question 28

Types of symbiotic relationships

Answer 28

- Mutualism - Parasitism - Commensalism

Question 29

Parasitism–host relationships

Answer 29

Where the parasite lives on or in the host and feeds off it, the parasite is harmed whilst the host is harmed usually not killed.

Question 30

Ectoparasite

Answer 30

An organism that lives on the skin of the host in host relationships.

Question 31

(endoparasite

Answer 31

A parasite that lives inside the host

Question 32

Who benefits and who is harmed in host relationships?

Answer 32

The Parasite benefits and host is harmed – usually not | killed

Question 33

Mutualism

Answer 33

Organisms lBOTH benefit from | the relationship.

Question 34

Commensalism

Answer 34

One organism BENEFITS, whilst the other is UNAFFECTED

Question 35

Ecology niche

Answer 35

A species’ ecological niche is its role in the ecosystem including its habitat, nutrition and relationships.

Question 36

Explain why producers are essential to ecosystems.

Answer 36

Producers provide the basis of the food chain from which all energy in an ecosystem is sourced

Question 37

Characteristics of symbiotic relationship

Answer 37

- between different species - Sustained relationship - atleast one species benefits

Question 38

Predator-prey relationship

Answer 38

In a predator–prey relationship, one species kills an organism and consumes it(the prey.)

Question 39

Parasitoids

Answer 39

Organisms that kill the host within a short period of time

Question 40

Symbiosis

Answer 40

Symbiosis is an ecological relationship between two different species that live in direct contact with each other.

Question 41

biome

Answer 41

A biome is a large region of Earth that has a certain climate and certain types of living things

Question 42

Species

Answer 42

A group of organisms that have similar features

Question 43

What is necessary for a relationship to be considered symbiotic?

Answer 43

There must be a close physical relationship between two different species over a long period of time

Question 44

Why does a parasite usually not kill its host

Answer 44

If a parasite killed its host it would lose its food supply and shelter.

Question 45

example of mutalism

Answer 45

bees and flowers- the bees get to eat, and the flowering plants get to reproduce.

Question 46

Example of commensalism

Answer 46

tea frogs using plants as protection

Question 47

Example of parastism

Answer 47

leeche sucking blood from human

Question 48

What do the arrows represent in a food web? What direction do they point in?

Answer 48

The animal that the arrow is pointing toward is the animal doing the consuming