Chapter 3

Question 1

Water Potential

Answer 1

A measure of water’s potential energy

Question 2

Matric Potential

Answer 2

The potential energy generated by the attractive forces between water molecules and soil particles

Question 3

Field Capacity

Answer 3

The max amount of water held by soil

Question 4

Wilting Point

Answer 4

1.5mpa

Question 5

Salinization

Answer 5

Process of repeated irrigation that causes soil salinity

Question 6

Cohesion

Answer 6

The mutual attraction of water

Allows water to move up through empty remains of xylem cells

Question 7

Root pressure

Answer 7

When osmotic potential in the roots of a plant draws in water from the soil and force it into the xylem

Question 8

Transpiration

Answer 8

Leaves generate water potential as water evaporates from surface of leaf cells

Question 9

Cohesion tension Theory

Answer 9

Water movement from roots to leaves due to water cohesion and water tension

Question 10

Stomata

Answer 10

Small openings on leaf surfaces that are points of entry for CO2

Question 11

Electromagnetic Radiation

Answer 11

Energy from the Sun

Question 12

Photosynthetically Active Region

Answer 12

Wavelengths of light that are suitable for photosynthesis

400 to 700nm

Question 13

Chloroplasts

Answer 13

Responsible for photosynthesis

Question 14

Chlorophyll

Answer 14

Absorb red and violet light and reflect green and blue light

Question 15

Carotenoids

Answer 15

Reflect orange and red

Allow plants to absorb a wider range of solar energy

Question 16

Photosynthesis

Answer 16

2 reactions: light reactions and Calvin cycle

Question 17

Light Reactions

Answer 17

• Chlorophyll absorb photon energy
• H2O molecules are split
• ATP an NADH is collected from the release of electrons

Question 18

Calvin Cycle

Answer 18

The energy in ATP and NADH is used to convert CO2 into glucose

Question 19

C3 Pathway

Answer 19

CO2 and RuBP are converted to G3P

Question 20

Photorespiration

Answer 20

The oxidation of carbohydrates to CO2 and H2O by Rubisco

Question 21

C4 photosynthesis

Answer 21

CO2 is assembled into a 4 carbon compound

Uses PEP carboxylase

Question 22

CAM photosynthesis

Answer 22

Occurs at night
Stomata open at nights for gas exchange
In drier climates

Question 23

Homeostasis

Answer 23

An organism’s ability to maintain constant internal conditions

Question 24

Negative Feedbacks

Answer 24

Internal response mechanisms that returns a system to a desired state when the system deviates from that state

Question 25

Radiation

Answer 25

Emission of electromagnetic energy by a surface

Question 26

Conduction

Answer 26

Transfer of kinetic energy of heat between substances that are in contact with one another

Question 27

Convection

Answer 27

Transfer of heat by movement of liquids and gases

Question 28

Evaporation

Answer 28

Transformation of water from a liquid state to a gaseous state

Question 29

Thermal Inertia

Answer 29

Resistance to a change in temperature due to a large body volume

Question 30

Thermoregulation

Answer 30

The ability of an organism to control the temperature of its body

Question 31

Homeotherms

Answer 31

Organisms that maintain a constant temperature

Question 32

Poikilotherms

Answer 32

Organisms that dont have a constant body temperature

Question 33

Ectotherms

Answer 33

Body temperature is determined by external environment

Question 34

Endotherms

Answer 34

Organisms that can generate metabolic heat to raise body temperature higher than external environment

Question 35

Blood Shunting

Answer 35

When specific blood vessels shut off so less of an animals warm blood flows to cold extremities where heat could be lost