Organelles And Energy Flashcards
Structure of mitochondria
Outer membrane: surrounds organelle
Inner membrane: connected to sac like structures called cristae
Between 50-million mitochondria present in cell
Structure of chloroplast
Double membrane around exterior
Interior is filled with hundreds of flattened and stacked membranes called thylakoids
Thylakoids are organized into stacks called grana
Function of mitochondria
Converts energy from food into energy that powers most cellular functions
Produces atp by breaking down sugars
Function of chloroplasts
Photosynthesis
Produce sugars that we consume
Margulis
proposed the theory that prokaryotic cells could’ve been ingested by a host cell and over time both eukaryotes and prokaryotes became essential for the survival of the host cell
Endosymbiotic theory of evolution
Cell membrane allowed ancestral prokaryotes to compartmentalize their genetic info into a nucleus and get greater control, becoming ancestral eukaryotes
Endosymbiosis
examples of eukaryotic organisms that acquire the ability to engage in photosynthesis after engulfing photosynthetic bacteria
Compartmentalization
Incompatible processes are kept separate from each other
Enzymes are in close proximity to each other leading to an increase in cell efficiency
Structure of carbohydrates
Formed by the polymerization of monosaccharides through glycosidic bonds to form complex sugars
Function of carbohydrates
When starch is consumed we store digested carbs as highly branched glycogen
Stored glycogen can be broken down into glucose
Most abundant source of ATP
Electron transport chain produces
32 ATP approximately
Glucose and fructose
Sucrose
Glucose and galactose
Lactose
Fructose and galactose
Maltose
