Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EPH > Spring 02: Racism, Bias, Opioids > Flashcards

Spring 02: Racism, Bias, Opioids Flashcards

1
Q

Racial Justice equals (diversity/equity/equality).

A

Equity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Disparity equals (inequity/inequality) and implies that there are (similarities/differences) between (individuals/population groups).

A

Inequality;
Differences;
Either individuals or groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F: Infant mortality is higher among AA non-smokers than among White smokers.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F: being perceived as white is associated with better health, even within same educational level.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Institutional racism is (micro/macro) racism.

A

Macro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Interpersonal racism is (micro/macro) racism.

A

Micro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F: inequity is synonymous with inequality.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F: inequity is synonymous with disparity.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F: inequity is a synonym of injustice and unfairness, which is qualitative in nature.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Implicit bias is defined as the (X) that affect our (Y) in (conscious/unconscious) manner.

A 
X = attitudes/stereotypes
Y = understanding, actions, decisions

Unconscious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F: implicit bias can only be negative.

A

False - positive or negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F: everyone is susceptible to implicit bias.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F: implicit biases produce behavior that may diverge from someone’s endorses principles and beliefs.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List three things that can be responsible for our implicit biases.

A
  1. Experiences influence perception
  2. Media/societal structure
  3. Limited interactions with certain groups/people
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

We are more likely to rely on unconscious processes when we are (X).

A

X = stressed (high cognitive load, lack of sleep, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List some situations in health care that can be affected by implicit bias (and have been in the past).

A
  1. Referrals
  2. Pain med prescriptions
  3. Providing treatment
  4. Effectiveness of communication
  5. Influence on diagnoses/expectations and outcomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F: microaggression if often intentional

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T/F: microaggression is directed at minority or non dominant group

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T/F: microaggression often consciously but subtly reinforces a stereotype

A

False - subtle, unintentional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

List three key things we can do to fight implicit bias.

A
  1. Educate yourself (about history, present, and your unconscious beliefs)
  2. Take action (I.e. Interact more with groups, change your perspective)
  3. Be accountable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Death from (cars/guns/drugs) has risen drastically, so that it is now the leading cause among those three causes.

A

Drugs (overdose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

T/F: MA is among the lower half of states in terms of drug overdose deaths.

A

False - toward the top

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T/F: number of overdose deaths in MA continues to rise.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

T/F: Opioid deaths typically involve other drugs present as well.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

One reason for surge in opioids overdose is a transition to (X) drugs from opioids.

A

X = heroin and illicitly-made fentanyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

One strategy to address opioids use is prescription “take back” event in which:

A

Unwanted prescription drugs can be deposited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

While all other countries have drop in all-cause mortality (ages 45-54), US has overall rise in recent years. What do we attribute this to?

A

Substance abuse/addiction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

T/F: All US states have seen an increase/surge in rate of drug overdose between 2010 and 2015.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

(X) drug, which is (natural/synthetic) and was not around in 2010, is really driving the deaths via opioids.

A

X = fentanyl

Synthetic

30
Q

Opioid deaths are usually (single/poly) substance.

A

Polysubstance

31
Q

T/F: In MA, prescription opioids are relatively low contributor, compared to other drugs, to opioid deaths.

A

True

32
Q

T/F: In all states, prescription opioids are relatively low contributor, compared to other drugs, to opioid deaths.

A

False - not all states

33
Q

One reason for surge in opioids overdose is the more erratic and deadly (X) drug supply.

A

X = heroin

34
Q

The (X) has come out with opioid prescription guidelines for chronic pain.

A

X = CDC

35
Q

The CDC recommends to avoid prescribing opioids and (X) drugs when (Y).

A 
X = benzodiazepines
Y = whenever possible
36
Q

CDC recommends re-evaluating chronic opioid treatment within (X) days/weeks/months of starting and then at least every (Y) days/weeks/months.

A 
X = 1-4 weeks
Y = 3 months
37
Q

Baltimore has shown that (increasing/decreasing) (X) has greatly decreased overdose deaths.

A

Increasing;

X = opioid agonist treatment

38
Q

A study in Norway showed that people on waiting list for (X) treatment are (Y) times more likely to die of overdose than people on (X) treatment.

A 
X = opioid agonist
Y = 4
39
Q

What are examples of drugs used for opioid agonist treatment?

A
  1. Buprenorphine

2. Methadone

40
Q

The initial (acute) reason most people misuse opioids.

A

The high/euphoria

41
Q

The subsequent (chronic) reason most people misuse opioids.

A

Avoid withdrawal (to feel normal)

42
Q

List the four goals of medication treatment for opioid use disorder.

A
  1. Relief of withdrawal
  2. Opioid block
  3. Reduce opioid craving
  4. Restore reward pathway
43
Q

Opioid detox outcomes: (low/high) rate of retention in treatment.

A

Low

44
Q

Opioid detox outcomes: (low/high) rate of relapse. About (X)% abstinent at 6 months and about (Y)% abstinent at 12 months.

A

High;
X = 50
Y = 15

45
Q

(Methadone/Buprenorphine) is a full agonist of opioids. (Methadone/Buprenorphine) is a partial agonist.

A

Methadone; Buprenorphine

46
Q

(X) is a pure opioid antagonist.

A

X = naloxone

47
Q

T/F: One strategy to address opioid overdose is having supervised injection facilities.

A

True

48
Q

An individual, over time, begins to believe what’s said about his race. This is describing (X) level of racism.

A

X = internalized

49
Q

Microaggression is a(n) (X) level of racism.

A

X = interpersonal

50
Q

Less funding for school with students of color is a(n) (X) level of racism.

A

X = institutional

51
Q

Inequalities in power, access, and opportunities are examples of (X) level of racism.

A

X = structural

52
Q

(X) Act in (Y) year had major impact on substance abuse sentencing laws. It primarily targeted (Z) communities.

A 
X = Anti-Drug
Y = 1986
Z = black
53
Q

Anti-drug Act disproportionately criminalized (X) communities in which way?

A

X = black

If you have a 500 grams cocaine (trafficking) you go to jail for the same time as 5 grams of crack cocaine (personal use)

54
Q

Marijuana use data shows that (blacks/whites) use it more.

A

Nearly equal

55
Q

Marijuana arrest data shows that (blacks/whites) arrested more.

A

Blacks, by nearly 10-fold difference

56
Q

Blacks arrested for marijuana use spend (more/less/equal) jail time as whites arrested for same reason.

A

More (20x longer)

57
Q

T/F: Rate of death increases significantly upon release of prison.

A

True

58
Q

Rate of death is almost (X) times (higher/lower) than the general population in the 2 weeks following release from prison.

A

X = 13

Higher

59
Q

Rate of death following incarceration is almost (X) times (higher/lower) than the general population throughout life.

A

X = 3

Higher

60
Q

Two main reasons for death after release from prison.

A
  1. Overdose

2. Heart disease

61
Q

T/F: Prisoners don’t have health insurance.

A

False

62
Q

After release from prison, most people are (insured/uninsured) via:

A

Either medicare or uninsured

63
Q

For every year you spend in prison, your life expectancy drops by (X) years.

A

X = 2

64
Q

It costs (X) per year to incarcerate a prisoner.

A

X = 20,000

65
Q

In “million dollar blocks”, there are (many/few) people that are regularly (X), so lots of money ends up going into (Y).

A

Many;
X = arrested/incarcerated
Y = incarcerating these blocks

66
Q

Individuals with HIV that are released from prison have significant (rise/decline) in continuing antiretroviral drugs. This leads to (X) phenomenon.

A

Decline;

X = viral rebound

67
Q

Lifetime risk of black gay men getting HIV is (X).

A

X = 1 in 2

68
Q

In mid 1980s-1990s (X) was the biggest killer of black men. Around 1995, (Y) was the big game-changer that saved many lives.

A 
X = HIV
Y = Combination therapy (as standard treatment)
69
Q

T/F: Combination therapy was drastic help for all communities equally.

A

False - help for all communities, but especially communities of color

70
Q

Since 1970s, the gap in life expectancy between races/genders has (increased/decreased).

A

Decreased by 1/3

71
Q

(X) is essential in combating health care disparities in minority communities.

A

X = public awareness

72
Q

The (X) Act of 2010 brought arrest disparity down from (Y) ratio to (Z) ratio.

A 
X = Fair Sentencing
Y = 100:1
Z = 18:1

EPH (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions