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Dermatology > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the aetiolgoy of Acne Vulgaris?

A

Androgens increase during puberty

Androgens increase the sensitvity of sebaceous glands

Keratin plugs the pilosebaceous unit

Infection with anaerobic bacteria

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2
Q

What does papillomatosis mean?

A

Irregular epithelial thickening

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3
Q

What is Pemphigus?

A

Rare autoimmune disease

Loss of intergrity of epidermal cell adhesion

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4
Q

What does Acanthosis mean?

A

Increased thickness of the epithelium

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5
Q

Give an example of a disease which undergos Spongiotic-intraepidermal oedema

A

Eczema

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

What is bullous Pemphigoid?

A

Its like pemphigus vulgaris but it attacks hemidesmosomes anchoring basal cells to the basement membrane

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8
Q

Where you find langerhan cells?

A

Upper 2/3rds of the epidermis

They are sentinals

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9
Q

What is this?

A

Lichenoid Planus

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10
Q

Where would you normally find melanocytes?

A

In the basal layer

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11
Q

What is the hallmark of Dermatitis Herpetiformis?

A

Papillary dermal microabscesses

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12
Q

What happens in Pemphibus Vulgaris?

A

IgG auto antibodies against desoglein 3

Desmosomal attachments break down resulting in Acantholysis

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13
Q

What other autoimmune disease is associated with Dermatitis Herpetiformis?

A

Coelliac Disease

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14
Q

What does hyperkeratosis mean?

A

Increased thickness of keratin

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15
Q

What does parakeratosis mean?

A

Persistence of nuclei in keratin layer

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16
Q

What is Normal Epidermis?

A

Stratified keratinising squamous epithelium

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17
Q

What is characteristic of Lichenoid disorders?

A

Damage to basal epidermis

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18
Q

What are the 4 main reaction patterns ?

A

Spongiotic-intraepidermal oedema

Psoriasifrom-elongation of the rete ridges

Lichenoid-basal layer damage

Vesiculobullous-blistering

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19
Q

What is the reaction pattern of psoriasis?

A

Psoriasiform-elongation of the rete ridges

20
Q

What is Dermatitis Herpetiformis?

A

Autoimmune bullous disease resulting in intensely itchy symmetrical lesions

21
Q

What is acantholysis?

A

Loss of desmosomal attatchments resulting in seperation of Keratin layer

22
Q

What is the Koebner Phenomenon?

A

Psoriasis developes in area of skin trauma

23
Q

What is Ausitz sign?

A

Removal of psoriatic plaque reveals tiny bleeding points

24
Q

What does this show?

A

Subungal hyperkeratosis

25
Q

What does this show?

A

Onycholysis

(nail lifting)

26
Q

What would you definetly not find in rosacea?

A

Comedones

27
Q

How do you manage rosacea?

A

Avoid sun exposure

Metronidazole

oral tetracycline

28
Q

How do you treat lichen planus?

A

mild to potent topical Steroids

29
Q

Nikolsk’s sign

A

Layers of the skin slip n side if you rub them

(Nikolsky loves a slip n slide)

30
Q

Is Bullous Pemphigoid Nikosky sign negative or positive?

A

Negative

In bullous pemphigoid its the basement membrane that is detached

31
Q

Is Pemphigus Vulgaris Nikolsky sign positive or negative?

A

Nikolsky sign positive

32
Q

Define Pruritus

A

A usually unpleasant, poorly localised, non-adapting sensation that provokes the desire to scratch

33
Q

Where is the itch sensation processed?

A

Forebrain and the hypothalamus

34
Q

What are the four types of itch?

A

Pruritoceptive - Inflamation

Neuropathic - Nerve damage

Neurogenic - Non nerve damage but opiate effects on CNS receptors

Psychogenic- Psychological causes with no CNS damage

35
Q

What are the two main types of skin cancer?

A

Non- melanoma (basal cell and squamous cell)

Melanoma

36
Q

What are the cut offs for Melanoma depth and survival rate?

A

less than 1mm - 95%

Greater than 4mm - 50%

Metastases - 5%

37
Q

What is the ABCDE rule for Melanoma

A

Asymmetry

Border

Colour

Diameter

Evoloution

38
Q

What is the classical appearance of a Basal cell carcinoma?

A

Slow growing lump or non-healing ulcer

Painless

“pearly” or translucent

visible blood vessles

Central ulceration

39
Q

Do basal cell carcinomas usually metastasise

A

No , it is very rare

40
Q

What is the classical appearance of Squamous Cell Carcinomas

A

Hyoerkeratotic lump or ulcer

Grows fast

Can be sore

5 % metastasis - very dangerous

41
Q

What are Actinic Keratoses?

A

Sun spots which indicate an area of increased risk of non melanoma skin cancer

42
Q

What is Xeroderma Pigmentosum?

A

Genetic defect resulting in photosensitvity meaning you get a bunch of skin cancers

43
Q

What are Actinic Lentigines?

A

“liver spots”

increased melanin and basal melanocytes

Related to UV exposure

44
Q

What seborrhoeic Keratosis?

A

Benign proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes

45
Q

What is the classical apearance of Seborrhoeic Keratosis?

A

Stuck on appearance

46
Q

What is normal ankle/brachial pressure index?

A

0.8 - 1.3

47
Q
A

Dermatology (11 decks)

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