Drugs

Question 1

Name 5 classes of Diuretics

Answer 1

Thiazide
Loop
K+ Sparring
Carbonic Anhydrase
Osmotic

Question 2

Give an example thiazide diuretic

Answer 2

Chlorothiazide

Question 3

Give an example loop diuretic

Answer 3

Furosemide

Question 4

Give 2 example K+ Sparring diuretic

Answer 4

Spironlactone and amiloride

Question 5

Give an example osmotic diuretic

Answer 5

Mannitol

Question 6

MOA of thiazides

Answer 6

Block NaCl symporter in DCT

Question 7

Indications for thiazides

Answer 7

Hypertension
Heart Failure
Hypercalciuria
Diabetes insipidus

Question 8

ADRs of thiazides

Answer 8

Hypokalemia 
Hypotension
Hyponatremia
Hypercalcemia 
Hyperuricemia

Question 9

MOA of loop

Answer 9

Inhibit NKCC2 in ascending loop of henle

Question 10

ADRs of loop

Answer 10

Hypokalemia
Hypotension
Hyperuricemia
Ototoxicity

Question 11

2 types of K+ sparring and their MOA

Answer 11

Spironloactone: aldosterone antagonsit preventing NaK exchange at collecting duct
Amiloride: block eNac in the DCT

Question 12

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor MOA

Answer 12

Inhibit carbonic anydrase in PCT

Question 13

Indications for carbonic anydrase inhibitors

Answer 13

Glaucoma

Question 14

Which diuretic is most efficacious

Answer 14

Loop

Question 15

MOA of osmotic diuretics

Answer 15

Substances which dont get reabsorbed and excert an osmotic effect keeping water in the lumen

Question 16

Give 4 inhaled anaesthetics

Answer 16

N2O
Isoflurane
Desflurane
Sevoflurane

Question 17

Give an example of a local anaesthetic

Answer 17

Lidocaine

Question 18

MOA of inhaled anaesthetics

Answer 18

Increase sensitivity of GABAa to GABA

Question 19

Adverse effects of inhaled anaethetic agents

Answer 19

Bradycardia

Malignant Hyperthermia

Question 20

What is malignant hyperthermia

Answer 20

Increase in intracellular Ca conc. requiring a large amount of energy to replace overwhelming the bodies ability to supply O2, remove CO2 and regulate temperature

Question 21

Give 5 classes of IV anaesthetics

Answer 21

Propofol
Barbituates (Thiopental)
Benzodiazepines (Diazepam)
Opiods (Fentanyl)
Ketamine

Question 22

How do local anesthetics work?

Answer 22

Block Na channels preventing APs from occuring

Question 23

2 examples of SNRIs

Answer 23

Venlafaxine

Duloxetine

Question 24

Give 2 examples of SSRIs

Answer 24

Citalopram

Fluoxetine

Question 25

Give 2 examples of TCAs

Answer 25

Amitriptyline

Imipramine

Question 26

MOA of SSRIs

Answer 26

Block serotonin reuptake at the presynaptic cleft increasing the conc. in the synaptic cleft leading to increase postsynpatic activity

Question 27

ADRs of SSRIs

Answer 27

Nausea
Anxiety
Drowsiness
Isomnia
Sexual Dysfunction

Question 28

ADRs of SNRIs

Answer 28

Same as SSRIs as well as (due to increased NA)
Hypertension
Tachycardia
Dry mouth
Sweating

Question 29

MOA of TCAs

Answer 29

Nonselectively inhibit reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline

Question 30

ADRs of TCAs

Answer 30

Weight Gain
NA effects (Dry mouth, Constipation, Urinary Rentention, Tachycardia)
N+V

Question 31

MOA of MOIs

Answer 31

Inhibit the breakdown of monoamines causing excess NA, serotonin and dopamine

Question 32

Treatments for mania and bipolar disorder

Answer 32

Lithium, Carbamezepine, Lamotrigine

Question 33

How is schizophrenia treated, how do these drugs work and give 3 example drugs

Answer 33

Antipsychotic drugs
Dopamine antagonists
Clozapine, Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine