bipolar pharmacology Flashcards
mania
period of elevated or irritable mood and increased energy and activity lasting for at least 1 week
symptoms of mania
at least 3 of the following
- inflanted self-esteem or grandiosity
- decreased need for sleep
- great talkativeness or pressure speeche
- flight of ideas or racing thoughts
- decreased attention span
- increase in goal directed activity
- poor impulse control
hypomania
- mood elevation with optimism, not grandiosity
- hypersexuality
- have increased energy, feel good, and are more productive
triggers of manic and hypomanic states
changes in activity, appetite, sleep, and sometimes anxiety
initial mood episodes of bipolar tend to be
depressive in younger patients, often mistaking it for depression
mixed episodes
- depressive and manic features occurring concurrently nearly every day
- suicide attempts and substance abuse are increased in likelihood
most common symptom of bipolar disorder
depression
what happens in the course of bipolar disorder if left untreated
inter-episode intervals with gradually become shorter
initial manic/hypomanic episode is trigger by
major acute stressor or sleep deprivation
Bipolar I
at least one episode of mania or mixed depressive/manic symptoms
Bipolar II
at least one major depressive episode and one hypomanic episode
cyclothymic disorder
hypomanic and depressive symptoms that don’t meet criteria for hypomania or MDD that last for at least 2 years
epidemiology of bipolar disorder
- about 1% prevalence of each type
- men/women equally likely
- geographic distribution is similar
- ethinic distribution has asians with lower rate
suicide rate in bipolar patients
10-20 times higher than in general population
main risk factors for bipolar
- urban areas
- institutionalized and homeless
- single has greater risk than married
- Fx of bipolar, schizophrenia, substance abuse