gastro test bank Flashcards

1
Q

most of the gastrin released following a meal is from what

A

antrum

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2
Q

an increase in intestinal blood flow is caused by a decrease in what

A

oxygen levels

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3
Q

slow wave frequency is greatest in

A

duodenum

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4
Q

gastrin, CCK, secretin, motilin, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide are secreted from endocrine cells located where

A

duodenum

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5
Q

oral glucose load is cleared form the circulation more rapidly compared with an intravenous glucose load via what hormone

A

glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide (GLIP)

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6
Q

main excitatory NT to gut smooth muscle is what

A

Ach

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7
Q

biopsies are taken from the antral and duodenal mucosa of a 45 yo male. what hormone can be found in tissue homogenates from both locations

A

gastrin

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8
Q

if one cuts through a segment of small intestine from the outside into the lumen, in what order would the layers of the wall be cut

A
  1. serosa
  2. longitudinal smooth muscle
  3. myenteric plexus
  4. submucosa
    5 mucosa
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9
Q

28 yo eats a cheeseburger, fries, chocolate shake. release of many GI hormones. the present of fat, carbs, and protein stimulates the release of which hormone from duodenal mucosa

A

glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GLIP)

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10
Q

ANS control gut motility by changing what

A

spike potential frequency

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11
Q

87 yo has full big breakfast. what hormones is released by the presence of fat and protein in the small intestine and helps to decrease gastric emptying

A

CCK

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12
Q

increase in PSN stimulation causes a decrease in smooth muscle contraction of which structure

A

fundus

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13
Q

endocrine or hormone secreting cells of the GI tract are located in or closest to which later of the gut wall

A

mucosa

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14
Q

20 grams oral and intravenous glucose given. why does oral glucose clear from the blood at a faster rate than the intravenous glucose load

A

glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide - induced by insulin release

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15
Q

high concentrations, gastrin shares multiple effects with which GI peptide

A

CCK

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16
Q

slow wave frequency is highest at which location

A

duodenum

17
Q

what regulates the frequency of slow waves in the small intestine

A

intrinsic pacemaker cells in smooth muscle

18
Q

stimulatory effects of gastrin on acid secretion are mediated in part by gastrin-induced secretion of

A

histamine

19
Q

what would eliminate receptive relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and funds portion of the stomach

A

vagotomy

20
Q

which elements of defecation process require input from higher centers of the brain in a healthy person under normal conditions

A

relaxation of external anal sphincter

21
Q

mass movements distention of the stomach and distention of the duodenum lead to what

A

bowel movements

22
Q

achalasia is associated with which of the following at rest and during swallowing

A

higher than normal pressure at the lower esophageal sphincter

23
Q

distention of the rectum causes a reflex relaxation of which structure

A

internal anal sphincter

24
Q

ileocecal sphincter tone decreases (relaxes) after distention of which structure

A

ileum

25
Q

mass movements are often stimulated after a meal by which reflex

A

gastrocolic reflex

26
Q

main mixing movement of the stomach is what

A

retropulsion

27
Q

after eating breakfast, what delays gastric emptying in the man after eating

A

tone of orad stomach

28
Q

swallowing center in the medulla has a critical role in totally inhibiting which of the following when food is swallowed

A

respiration (breathing)

29
Q

primary purpose of migrating motility complexes is

A

sweep undigested residue toward the colon

30
Q

migrating motility complexes are thought to be stimulated by what

A

motilin

31
Q

critical for determining whether a bolus of food is small enough to be swallowed

A

palatopharyngeal folds

32
Q

rectal distention causes what

A

relaxation of internal anal sphincter and contraction of rectum

33
Q

newborn cannot pass meconium in first 24 hours. diagnosis of hirschsprungs disease. where is the obstruction in his GI

A

sigmoid colon

34
Q

mass movements in the large intestine cause what

A

rectal distention