Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the abdominal-pelvic cavity?

A

Cavity that consists of the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity

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2
Q

What is the pelvic diaphragm (or pelvic floor) and its role?

A

Muscular partition formed by the levatores ani and coccygei

May include the parietal pelvic fascia on their upper and lower aspects

Separates the pelvic cavity above from the perineal region below

Provides support for pelvis viscera (females)

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3
Q

Where does the ovary develop from?

A

The gonadal ridge

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4
Q

The ovary is fully enclosed by what?

A

Peritoneum

Becomes breached when the follicle ruptures = pain = parietal is somatic controlled

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5
Q

What is an ovarian cyst?

A

Fluid-filled lesion

Benign or malignant

Pain = stretching of the peritoneum, rupture, torsion

Bloating

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6
Q

Describe the structure of the uterus

A

Cervix – cervical canal running through centre

Body – superior wall is called the fundus

Uterine tube – isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, fimbria

Opening of uterine tube

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7
Q

What is the main part of the uterus that expands during pregnancy?

A

Fundus

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8
Q

Outline the cervix

A

Fibrous structure

External and internal Os

No children = small external Os

Children = slit-like external Os

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9
Q

What happens to the cervix under the influence of oestrogen?

A

It opens up

View epithelium lining cervical canal

Transitional zone = site where cervical cancer occurs (warty-like growths)

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10
Q

How does the uterus expand as the foetus grows?

A

Fundus expands

Uterus goes as high as the xiphisternum

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11
Q

What are some consequences mother faces due to foetal growth

A

Direct mechanical compression = reflux, constipation, incontinence

Hormones = relaxation of tissue = leaky sphincters

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12
Q

Describe the anatomy of the uterine tubes

A

Fimbriae = waft egg to tube

Infundibulum = big surface area to catch the egg

Ampulla = site of fertilisation, common site of ectopic preg

Isthmus = Medial 3rd of the uterine tube

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13
Q

If a young women presents with abdo pain what needs to take place?

A

Preg test = could be rupture ectopic preg

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14
Q

What types of cells are present in the uterine tubes?

A

Cilia = wafting

Peg = secreting factors for maintaining the egg

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15
Q

What is pneumoperitoneum?

A

Air within the peritoneum

Can happen during sex

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16
Q

Where does the peritoneum sit in regards to the uterus?

A

Superiorly lays on top

17
Q

What is the round lig and lig of the ovary a remnant of?

A

Gubernaculum

18
Q

What is the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

A

Neurovascular pathway bulging into the peritoneum

19
Q

What is the role of the broad lig?

A

Double fold of peritoneum

Attaches the uterus to the pelvic walls

20
Q

What is the role of the round ligament?

A

Its role is to keep the uterus anteverted

21
Q

What is the ligament of the ovary?

A

Continuous with the round lig

22
Q

How does a neurovascular structure reach the uterus?

A

Runs between the double fold of peritoneum

23
Q

What is the Mesovarium

A

Double fold of peritoneum suspending the ovaries

24
Q

What is the Mesometrium

A

Double fold of peritoneum between the lateral pelvic wall and uterus

25
Q

What is the Mesosalpinx

A

Double fold of peritoneum hanging down from the uterine tubes

26
Q

What are the 3 division of the board ligament?

A

Mesovarium
Mesometrium
Mesosalpinx

27
Q

What is the angle of anteversion?

A

Angle between the cervical canal and vagina

less than 180 degree = antiverted

more than 180 degree = retroverted

28
Q

What is the angle of anteflexion?

A

Angle between the uterus and cervix

less than 180 degree = antiflexed

more than 180 degree = retroflexed

29
Q

What is the normal position of the uterus in regards to the bladder and what keeps it there?

A

Normal = antiverted and antiflexed

Uterus sits over the bladder

maintained by the broad ligament

30
Q

Blood supply to the female reproductive organs

A

Ovaries = ovarian artery

Vagina = uterine and vaginal arteries

Uterus = uterine artery (commonly anastomoses with vaginal and ovarian A)

31
Q

Roughly how long is the vagina?

A

10cm

32
Q

What cells line the vagina

A

Stratified squamous ep

33
Q

Why is the vagina full of glycogen?

A

Lactobacilli feed off glycogen turning it into lactic acid

Help maintain acidic pH

34
Q

Outline the anatomy of the vulva (external female genitalia)

A

Labia majora – enclose everything, protection

Labia minora – keep everything clean, protection

Glans clitoris – has a prepuce, homologous with penis

Urethra – exit for urine

Vestibule – where the vulva meets the vagina

Hymen – partial membranous covering of the vagina

Fourchette – dense tissue at the base of the vulva, can tear during childbirth

Vestibular gland – secretes lubricating substance

Para-urethral gland – secretes lubricating substance

35
Q

Outline 1st degree FGM

A

Removing the clitoris

36
Q

Outline 2nd degree FGM

A

Removing clitoris

Removing labia major/minora

37
Q

Outline 3rd degree FGM

A

Everything removed and sown up leaving a tiny opening