Embryology

Question 1

what germ layers form the respiratory system

Answer 1

endoderm (lining) mesoderm (lung tissue)

Question 2

what is the embryological logical reason for the digestive and respiratory tracts being connected

Answer 2

as lung buds and trachea form from foregut which later become the esophagus

Question 3

what are the common congenital defects of the resp system that develop in embryos

Answer 3

failure in separation of trachea and esophagus

Question 4

what is an oesophageal atresia

Answer 4

when esophagus ends in blind ending pouch

Question 5

what us the tracheosophageal fistula

Answer 5

communication point between trachea and esophagus

Question 6

name the stages of lung maturation

Answer 6

embryonic, pseudoglandular, canalicular, saccular, alveolar

Question 7

what happens in the embryonic stage of lung maturation

Answer 7

respiratory diverticulum forms. initial branching to give lungs, lobes and segments

Question 8

what happens in the pseudoglandular stage of lung maturation

Answer 8

14 more generations of bronchioles

Question 9

what happens in the canalicular stage of lung maturation

Answer 9

terminal bronchioles -> 2+ resp bronchioles -> 3-6 alveolar ducts

Question 10

what happens in the saccular stage of lung maturation

Answer 10

terminal sacs form; capillaries close contact

Question 11

what happens in the alveolar stage of lung maturation

Answer 11

alveoli mature

Question 12

what two cell types form the alveoli and their function

Answer 12

cuboid and thin squamous epithelium, allows diffusion