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PNS > Unit VII: Visceral Afferents and Parasympathetics > Flashcards

Unit VII: Visceral Afferents and Parasympathetics Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the cell bodies for the visceral afferents located? Pg 257

A

Posterior root ganglia or relevant cranial nerve ganglion

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2
Q

Which processes carry impulses from the viscera to cell bodies via autonomic ganglion, plexus or even, somatic nerves without synapse? Pg 257

A

Peripheral processes

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3
Q

Peripheral processes carry impulses from the viscera to cell bodies via… Pg 257

A

Autonomic ganglion, plexus or even, somatic nerves without synapse

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4
Q

Visceral sympathetic afferents may travel through sympathetic trunk and to spinal ganglion by passing through what? Pg 257

A

White ramus communicans

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5
Q

Visceral parasympathetic afferents travel via… Pg 257

A

Sacral spinal nerves and cranial nerves

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6
Q

Visceral afferents are associated with what receptors? Pg 257

A

Receptors sensitive to pressure (baroreceptors), chemical concentrations (chemoreceptors), and muscle stretching.

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7
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are carried in which nerves? Pg 258

A

CN 3 (oculomotor), CN 7 (facial), CN IX (glossopharyngeal), CN X (vagus), and sacral nerves 2,3, & 4

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8
Q

CN 3 (oculomotor), CN 7 (facial), CN IX (glossopharyngeal), CN X (vagus), and sacral nerves 2,3, & 4 carry which kind of fibers? Pg 258

A

Preganglionic parasympathetic

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9
Q

Parasympathetic are classical _____ (cholinergic or adrenergic) Pg 258

A

Cholinergic

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10
Q

Where do preganglionic parasympathetic fibers generally synapse? Pg 258

A

Post-ganglionic neurons in peripheral ganglion

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11
Q

What effect do post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers have on effector organs? Pg 258

A

Decease cardiac output, constrict the bronchial tree, constrict the pupils, stimulate peristalsis (rest/digest)

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12
Q

Where are pre-ganglionic cell bodies of CN 3 located? Pg 258

A

Accessory oculomotor nucleus

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13
Q

Where is the accessory oculomotor located? Pg 258

A

Periaqueductal gray

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14
Q

Where do pre-ganglionic nerves of CN 3 synapse? Pg 258

A

Ciliary ganglion

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15
Q

Post-ganglionic nerves of CN 3 are carried in which nerves? Pg 258

A

Short ciliary nerves

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16
Q

Short ciliary nerves supply which two muscles? Pg 258/9

A

Ciliary muscle (ciliaris) and sphincter pupillae

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17
Q

Where are pre-ganglionic cell bodies of CN 7 located? Pg 259

A

Superior salivary nucleus

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18
Q

Preganglionic fibers are carried in what two branches of the facial nerve? Pg 259

A

1) greater petrosal

2) chorda tympani

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19
Q

Where does the greater petrosal nerve leave the facial nerve? Pg 259

A

Geniculate ganglion

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20
Q

Path of the greater petrosal nerve Pg 259

A

Leaves the facial nerve at the geniculate ganglion -> hiatus for the greater petrosal nerve -> reenters temporal bone through the foramen lacerum -> pterygoid canal -> synapses in the pterygopalatine ganglion

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21
Q

After the pre-ganglionic fibers of the greater petrosal nerve synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion, where do the post-ganglionic fibers travel and via what nerves? Pg 259

A

1) Lacrimal gland via the lacrimal nerve (via maxillary division: zygomatic branch) and
2) nasal, palatine, and pharyngeal glands via orbital branches

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22
Q

Path of the chorda tympani Pg 259

A

Through tympanic cavity -> leaves temporal bone through pterygotympanic fissure -> combines with lingual nerve -> pre-ganglionic fibers leave the lingual nerve and synapse in the submandibular ganglion

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23
Q

After the pre-ganglionic fibers of the chorda tympani nerve synapse in the submandibular ganglion, where do the post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 260

A

1) submandibular, sublingual, and lingual glands

2) oral mucosa

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24
Q

Where are pre-ganglionic cell bodies of CN 9 located? Pg 260

A

Inferior salivary nucleus

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25
Q

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 9 are carried in what nerve? Pg 260

A

Tympanic nerve

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26
Q

Path of the tympanic nerve Pg 260

A

Leaves the glossopharyngeal nerve at the inferior ganglion -> tympanic canaliculus -> tympanic cavity -> receives post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers(superior cervical ganglion) -> forms tympanic plexus -> pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers pass through the tympanic plexus reforming as the lesser petrosal nerve -> lesser petrosal canal -> otic ganglion

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27
Q

The tympani nerve becomes the lesser petrosal nerve after passing through what structure? Pg 260

A

Tympanic plexus

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28
Q

After the pre-ganglionic fibers of the lesser petrosal nerve synapse in the otic ganglion, where do the post-ganglionic fibers travel nd via what nerves? Pg 260

A

1) parotid gland via auricotemporal nerve (via trigeminal: mandibular division)
2) posterior lingual glands via lingual branches (via glossopharyngeal)

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29
Q

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 are carried in what nerve? Pg 261

A

Posterior (dorsal) nucleus of the vagus

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30
Q

Where are the post-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 located? Pg 261

A

In the organs supplied or blood vessels that supply the organs ie. myocardium, submucosal plexus(Meissner’s), or myenteric plexus(Auerbach’s)

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31
Q

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the heart are carried in what nerves? Pg 261

A

Superior and inferior cardiac nerves

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32
Q

Where do pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the heart synapse? Pg 261

A

Cardiac plexus at the base and walls of the heart

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33
Q

After preganglionic fibers of CN 10(traveling to the heart) synapse in the cardiac plexus, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 261

A

1) sinoatrial node
2) atrioventricular node
3) atrioventricular bundle -> subendocardial branches(Purkinje fibers)

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34
Q

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

A

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

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35
Q

What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the heart have? Pg 261

A

Inhibits myocardium and constricts the coronary arteries

36
Q

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the lungs are carried in what nerves? Pg 263

A

Anterior and posterior bronchial branches

37
Q

Where do pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the lungs synapse? Pg 263

A

Pulmonary plexuses surrounding the bronchial tree

38
Q

After preganglionic fibers of CN 10(traveling to the lungs) synapse in the pulmonary plexuses, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 263

A

1) bronchial musculature

2) bronchial glands

39
Q

What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the lungs have? Pg 263

A

Constriction of the bronchial tree and increased secretions of bronchial glands

40
Q

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the esophagus are carried in what nerves? Pg 263

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerves and anterior and posterior esophageal branches

41
Q

Where do pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the esophagus synapse? Pg 263

A

Wall of the esophagus

42
Q

After preganglionic fibers of CN 10(traveling to the esophagus) synapse in the wall of the esophagus, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 263

A

Smooth muscle fibers of the esophagus

43
Q

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the stomach are carried in what nerves? Pg 263

A

Branches from both the anterior(~4) and posterior(~6)vagal trunks

44
Q

Where do pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the stomach synapse? Pg 263

A

Submucosal (Meissner’s) and myenteric (Auerbach’s)plexuses in the walls of the stomach

45
Q

After preganglionic fibers of CN 10(traveling to the stomach) synapse in the submucosal (Meissner’s) and myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexuses in the walls of the stomach, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 263

A

Smooth muscle fibers

46
Q

What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the stomach have? Pg 263

A

Contraction of smooth muscle and secretion of gastric juices

47
Q

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the small intestine, cecum, vermiform appendix, and ascending and transverse colon are carried in what nerves? Pg 263

A

Posterior vagal trunk
Duodenum= celiac plexus
Remaining= celiac plexus-> superior mesenteric plexus

48
Q

Where do pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the small intestine, cecum, vermiform appendix, and ascending and transverse colon synapse? Pg 264

A

Submucosal and myenteric plexus

49
Q

After preganglionic fibers of CN 10(traveling to the small intestine, cecum, vermiform appendix, and ascending and transverse colon) synapse in the submucosal (Meissner’s) and myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexuses, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 264

A

Smooth muscle fibers

50
Q

What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the small intestine, cecum, vermiform appendix, and ascending and transverse colon have? Pg 264

A

Contraction of smooth muscle fibers and secretomotor for intestinal glands

51
Q

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the gallbladder, pancreas, and biliary tree are carried in what nerves? Pg 264

A

Hepatic branch of the right vagal trunk -> hepatic plexus(extension of the celiac plexus)

52
Q

Where do pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the gallbladder, pancreas, and biliary tree synapse? Pg 264

A

Muscular walls of the gallbladder and biliary tree, and glandular tissue of the pancreas

53
Q

After preganglionic fibers of CN 10(traveling to the gallbladder, pancreas, and biliary tree) synapse in the muscular walls of the gallbladder and biliary tree, and glandular tissue of the pancreas, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 264

A

Smooth muscle fibers or glands

54
Q

What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the gallbladder, pancreas, and biliary tree have? Pg 264

A

Increases smooth muscle activity in the gallbladder and biliary vessels and secretomotor for the pancreatic glands

55
Q

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the spleen are carried in what nerves? Pg 264

A

Posterior vagal trunk -> splenic plexus (extension of the celiac plexus)

56
Q

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the kidneys are carried in what nerves? Pg 264

A

Posterior vagus -> renal plexus

57
Q

Any fibers reaching the kidney via parasympathetic pathways are likely ____ _____ Pg 264

A

Visceral afferents

58
Q

Is the motor supply to the kidneys sympathetic, parasympathetic, or both? Pg 264

A

Strictly sympathetic

59
Q

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the liver are carried in what nerves? Pg 264

A

Anterior vagal trunk (some posterior) -> hepatic plexus (extension of the celiac plexus)

60
Q

Parasympathetic supply to the liver is likely ___ Pg 264

A

Afferent

61
Q

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the suprarenal glands are carried in what nerves? Pg 265

A

Posterior vagal trunk

62
Q

Parasympathetic supply to the suprarenal glands is likely ___ Pg 265

A

Afferent

63
Q

Pelvic parasympathetic pathways arise from which cord levels? Pg 265

A

S2, 3, and 4

64
Q

Pelvic parasympathetic pathways arise from which horn? Pg 265

A

Lateral horn

65
Q

Where do pelvic parasympathetic pathways exit? Pg 265

A

Anterior sacral foramina

66
Q

Pelvic parasympathetic pathways are carried in what nerves? Pg 265

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

67
Q

Pelvic splanchnic nerves travel to what plexus to be distributed to the pelvic organs? Pg 265

A

Inferior hypogastric (pelvic) plexus

68
Q

Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the distal colon are carried in what nerves? Pg 265

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus -> superior hypogastric and inferior mesenteric plexuses via hypogastric nerve

69
Q

How do post-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 (traveling to the distal colon) reach their target tissues? Pg 265

A

Inferior mesenteric plexus

70
Q

Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the rectum and anus are carried in what nerves? Pg 265

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

71
Q

How do post-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 (traveling to the rectum and anus) reach their target tissues? Pg 265

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

72
Q

Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the urinary bladder are carried in what nerves? Pg 265

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

73
Q

How do post-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 (traveling to the urinary bladder) reach their target tissues? Pg 265

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

74
Q

What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the urinary bladder have? Pg 266

A

Initiation of bladder emptying

75
Q

Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the prostate and seminal vesicle are carried in what nerves? Pg 266

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus -> prostatic plexus

76
Q

After preganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 (traveling to the prostate and seminal vesicle) synapse, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 266

A

Smooth muscles of the prostatic urethra and seminal vesicle

77
Q

Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the uterus are carried in what nerves? Pg 266

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

78
Q

After preganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 (traveling to the uterus) synapse, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 266

A

Distributed throughout the myometrium of the uterus

79
Q

What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the uterus have? Pg 266

A

Likely inhibits these muscles, but hormonal factors may play a larger role, especially during pregnancy

80
Q

Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the vagina are carried in what nerves? Pg 266

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

81
Q

Where do Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the vagina synapse? Pg 266

A

Vaginal plexus

82
Q

What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the vagina have? Pg 266

A

Vasodilation and increased secretory activity

83
Q

Fibers reaching the inferior part of the vagina may also use what nerve? Pg 266

A

Pudendal nerve

84
Q

Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the penis a or clitoris are carried in what nerves? Pg 266

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus -> cavernous plexus

85
Q

What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the penis or clitoris have? Pg 266

A

Vasodilation and the filling of the sinuses of erectile tissue

PNS (5 decks)

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