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MP: Neurology > Sleep + Chronic Pain > Flashcards

Sleep + Chronic Pain Flashcards

1
Q

how does the body clock work?

A

retinal gangia cells projecting suprachiasmatic nucleus

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2
Q

what does non-REM sleep look like on an EEG?

A

synchronised and rhythmic

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3
Q

what type of sleep causes decreased in HR, BP and tidal volumes?

A

Non-REM sleep

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4
Q

what is nacroplexy?

A

daytime sleepiness - involuntary when eating or talking

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5
Q

what is cataplexy?

A

loss of muscle tone caused by emotion

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6
Q

what is sleep paralysis?

A

inability to move upon falling asleep

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7
Q

what investigations should be carried out to look at sleep?

A

multiple sleep latency test

lumbar puncture

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8
Q

what lumbar puncture result is consistent with Nacroplexy?

A

decreased levels <110

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9
Q

what is REM sleep?

A

at the end of the night

increased cerebral function and decreased thermal regulation

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10
Q

what does the EEG show in REM sleep?

A

fast activity with MRI showing brain almost at wakefulness

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11
Q

why is REM sleep important?

A

early brain development

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12
Q

when are NSAIDs used in chronic pain?

A

mainly nociceptive pain

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13
Q

what is the MOA of NSAIDs?

A

inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase with decreased prostaglandin production

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14
Q

what is the 2 main side effects of NSAIDs?

A

GI bleeding

renal toxicity

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15
Q

what is opioid analgesia used for?

A

mainly nociceptive pain

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16
Q

what is the MOA of opioid analgesia?

A

activates endogenous system
stimulates receptors in the limbic system
decreases ascending pain signal transmission in the spinal cord

17
Q

What are TCAs used for in relation to chronic pain?

A

neuropathic pain
complex regional pain
tension headache

18
Q

what is the MOA of TCAs?

A

inhibition of neural re-uptake of noradrenaline + serotonin

19
Q

what are SSRIs used for in relation to chronic pain?

A

neuropathic pain

20
Q

What is the MOA of SSRIs?

A

selectively inhibit re-uptake of Noradrenaline or Serotonin by intensifying descending inhibition

21
Q

where are anti-convulsatns used for in relation to chronic pain?

A

neuropathic pain

22
Q

what is the MOA of Gabapentin?

A

binds to pre-synaptic Ca2+ channels

23
Q

what is the MOA of Pregbalin?

A

Interacts with the N-type Ca2+ channels

24
Q

what is the MOA of Carbamazapine?

A

blocks Na+ and Ca2+ channels

25
Q

what are the SE of anti-convulsants?

A

sedation
peripheral oedema
dizziness
weight gain

26
Q

what is neuropathic pain?

A

inappropriate response caused by a dysfunction in the NS

27
Q

what is nociceptive pain?

A

appropriate physiological response to painful stimuli via an intact NS

MP: Neurology (24 decks)

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