3 Bronchi, Lungs, Pleura and Diaphragm Flashcards
Q: What is the bronchial tree comprised of? (4)
A: -trachea
- primary (main) bronchi (left and right)
- lobar (secondary) bronchi
- segmental (tertiary) bronchi
Q: What is the main airway from the nose and mouth? Where does it extend from? What holds it open? Lowest part has?
A: trachea
- vertebral level C6 to T4/5
- C-shaped cartilage rings with open part facing posteriorly
- lowest ring has a hook- carina
Q: What occurs at the carina? What other structure is present? Angle?
A: trachea divides into 2 main bronchi where the hook goes around inferiorly underneath
get sub carinal lymph nodes inferiorly
subcarinal angle is clinically relevant as it can change over time and show a cancerous growth below
Q: Where do the primary bronchi form? How do the left and right differ?
A: -T4/5
-right is wider and more vertical than left
Q: Where do the lobar bronchi form? Role? How do the right and left differ?
A: -within the lungs
- supply the lobes of the lungs
- 2 lobes on left and 3 on right usually
Q: What’s the role of the segmental bronchi? Removal? why? (3)
A: supply the bronchopulmonary segments (independent units of lung tissue)
can be removed surgically without affecting others (have own blood/nerve/lymph supply)
Q: Draw lateral view of both lungs including how they separate into lobes. Label posterior and anterior aspect.
A: REFER
Q: Lungs are essential organs of? Where are they situated? (2) What separates the left and right lung? What connects them? (2)
A: -respiration
- thorax, each lies in own pleural activity
- by heart and other contents of the mediastinum
- attachment to heart via pulmonary vessels and trachea at the lung root (hilum)
Q: What is the hilum of a lung? consist of (include what they carry)? (7) Found where? (2) Enveloped in?
A: ROOT OF LUNG= relatively complicated structures that consists of structures that enter and exit lungs:
- principle bronchus
- pulmonary artery (deoxygenated blood from RV)
- 2 pulmonary veins (oxygented blood to LA)
- bronchial arteries (oxygenated blood from descending aorta)
- bronchial veins
- pulmonary plexus of nerves (autonomic)
- lymph vessels and nodes
on the medial aspect of each lung- above and behind cardiac impression of medial/mediastinal surface
in pleura
Q: What is the shape of the lungs? (2) Where is the apex? (2) Where does the base rest?
A: conical at top and concave at bottom
- thoracic inlet oblique (up in neck)
- rises 3-4cm above level of first costal cartilage
-convex surface of diaphragm
Q: What are the 3 borders of the lungs? 3 surfaces?
A: edges
-anterior, posterior (contact with thoracic vertebrae), inferior
-costal (in contact with ribcage), medial (mediastinal), inferior (diaphragmatic)
Q: What does the diaphragm separate? (2-1,3)
A: -right lung from right lobe of liver
-left lung from left lobe of liver, stomach and spleen
Q: Describe the anterior aspect of the lung. Accommodates? Difference between left and right side?
A: deeply concave
-accommodates the heart- cardiac impression larger on L than R because of heart impression
Q: Sketch the medistinal aspect of the left lung and label.
A: REFER
vertebrae LUNG sternum
- 2 lobes with a top left to bottom right line
- groove in superior one for subclavian artery and veins
- indentation from aorta clockwise from top to bottom left around hilum
Q: Sketch the hilum of the left lung and show where the structures it includes lie. (8)
A: P shape REFER (long side is on vertebral side)
pulmonary artery
bronchial artery | primary bronchus | pulmonary vein
lymph node | lymph node
airway
pulmonary ligament (inferior fold of pleura)
