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Histology > 3 - GI Glands > Flashcards

3 - GI Glands Flashcards

1
Q

The pancreas is a mixed _______ and ______ gland

A

Exocrine and endocrine

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2
Q

Exocrine is made up of:

A

Serous secretory units

Compound acinar glands

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3
Q

Purpose of exocrine:

A

Released creatin and digestive enzyme

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4
Q

Endocrine releases:

A

Hormones

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5
Q

Endocrine contains:

A

Islets of langerhan - lots of capillaries

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6
Q

Islets of langerhan secrete

A

Insulin

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7
Q

Pancreas exocrine cells contain ________ enzymes like:

A

Digestive

Trypsinogen, chymotryspinogen, amylase, lipase

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8
Q

The endocrine portion of the gland makes up about 1.5% of the gland as the _________________

A

Islets of langerhans

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9
Q

Islets of langerhan are polygonal cells separated by ___________ and ________

A

A network of capillaries and reticular fibers

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10
Q

The islets of langerhan contains what 3 cells:

A

Beta-cells
Alpha-cells
Delta-cells

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11
Q

Most numerous cell in the center of the islet of langerhan - produces insulin - makes up 60-80% of the cells

A

B-cells

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12
Q

Largest cell found toward the outside of the islet of langerhan - produce glucagon and gastrin

A

Alpha-cells

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13
Q

Least numerous cells in the islets of langerhan - parents of Alpha and Beta Cells

A

Delta-Cells

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14
Q

The hepatic lobule has the _______ in the center

A

Central vein

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15
Q

The hepatic lobule of the liver has _______ in each “corner”

A

Triads

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16
Q

What is between the central vein and the triads?

A

Hepatocytes

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17
Q

What 3 components make a triad?

A

Branch of portal vein
Hepatic artery branch
Bile duct branch

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18
Q

What does the hepatic method of division tell us about the liver?

A

Where the blood comes from for a single central vein

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19
Q

The portal vein has what type of epithelium?

A

Simple squamous

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20
Q

Which is the largest opening in the triad?

A

Portal vein

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21
Q

What type of epithelium does the branch of the hepatic artery have?

A

Simple squamous (also thick smooth muscle)

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22
Q

What type of epithelium does the bile duct in the triad have?

A

Simple cuboidal

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23
Q

Hepatocytes have ________ on each side

A

Sinusoids

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24
Q

Kuppfer Cells (macrophages) may be seen in _________

A

Sinusoids

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25
Q

The portal lobule has what in the center?

A

Hepatic triad

26
Q

The “corners” of the portal lobule are what?

A

Central vein

27
Q

What is the focus of the portal lobule view?

A

Where does the blood flow (all the blood)

28
Q

What are the functional divisions of the hepatic acini:

A

Zone I
Zone II
Zone III

29
Q

Which functional division has the highest concentration of toxin and therefore the most damage?

A

Zone I

30
Q

The hepatic zone closest to the triad

A

Zone I

31
Q

Intermediate zone of the hepatic

A

zone II

32
Q

The hepatic zone farthest from the triad and least affected by toxin

A

Zone III

33
Q

Which hepatic zone is closest to the central vein?

A

Zone III

34
Q

Hepatocytes are _________ epithelial cells

A

Polyhedral

35
Q

When hepatocytes come in contact with each other, they form tubular spaces called what?

A

Bile canaliculi

36
Q

Hepatocytes have 1-2 nuclei - what does this mean for the cell?

A

It is very metabolically active

37
Q

The surface of hepatocytes have numerous microvilli in the space of ______

A

Disse

38
Q

Hepatocytes contain aggregates of ______ and _____

A

SER and RER

39
Q

Hepatocytes are held together by _____________ near the bile canaliculi

A

Tight junctions

40
Q

Hepatocytes are held together by _________ by the space of disse

A

Gap junctions

41
Q

What is located within the cytoplasm of hepatocytes?

A

Glycogen and lipid droplets

42
Q

Glocyogen and lipid droplets in hepatic cytoplasm have many ___________ and ________

A

Mitochondria and microbodies

43
Q

Mitochondria and microbodies serve what purpose in the hepatocyte?

A

Convert toxic bilirubin into bilirubin glucuronide

44
Q

What is the purpose of hepatocytes?

A

Remove foreign material from blood

45
Q

Hepatocytes store _________ in the form of ________

A

Glucose

Glycogen

46
Q

The ________ (organ) is a major sugar retainer

A

Liver

47
Q

Sinusoids ______ blood flow rate

A

Decrease

48
Q

Deoxygenated blood enters through the __________

A

Portal vein

49
Q

Oxygenated blood enters through the __________

A

Hepatic artery

50
Q

Blood entering the portal vein is from what?

A

GI tract

51
Q

Blood entering the hepatic artery is what?

A

Regular artery blood - delivering nutrients and oxygen…

52
Q

Any material that makes it to the ___________ can go systemic

A

Central vein

53
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

Store and concentrate (remove H2O) bile

54
Q

The mucosa of the gallbladder is lined with what type of epithelium?

A

Simple columnar with microvilla

55
Q

The lamina propria of the gallbladder has many _______

A

Folds

56
Q

Gallbladder cells can secrete ________

A

Mucous

57
Q

What goes around the circumference of a gland in the gallbladder?

A

Thin layer of smooth muscle

58
Q

What is outside the muscular layer of the gallbladder gland?

A

Perimuscular CT with serosa

59
Q

What is the function of the muscular layer of smooth muscle of the gallbladder?

A

To expel bile

60
Q

What is bile?

A

An emulsifier - used to break down lipids

61
Q

Bile does not _______ molecules, it just makes them ________

A

Degrade

Smaller

62
Q

Water is absorbed into the ________ in the gallbladder

A

Blood vessels

Histology (13 decks)

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