Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NAPLEX > Misc. > Flashcards

Misc. Flashcards

1
Q

drugs contraindicated in renal dysfunction

A

CrCl <60: nitrofurantoin
CrCl <50: Stribild, voriconazole
CrCl <30: bisphosphonats, dabigatran, duloxetine, genvoya, fondaparinux, NSAIDs, K-sparing diuretics, rivaroxaban, tadalafil, tramadol ER
GFR <30: genvoya, SGLT2 inhibitors (canagliflozin, etc), metformin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hepatitis A

A

acute, self-limiting

fecal-oral transmission via contaminated food/water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hepatitis B

A

acute/chronic causes infection, cirrhosis, liver failure, death
spread via blood, body fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hepatitis C

A

spread via blood, body fluids

tx: direct acting antiretrovirals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Direct Acting Antiretrovirals

A

Harvoni (sofosbuvir + ledipasvir) - avoid PPIs, H2RAs
Epclusa (sofosbuvir + velpatasvir) - avoid PPIs, H2RAs
Vosevi (sofos + velpat + voxilaprevir) - take w/ food, avoid PPIs, H2RAs
Mavyret (glecaprevir + pibrentasvir) - 8 week course, all others x12 weeks
all DAAs c/i w/ 3A4 inducers, most inc conc. of statins, myopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

GERD initial and maintenance therapy

A

initial: PPI once daily x8 weeks
maintenance: PPI, H2RA
lifestyle mods: weight loss, raise head of bed, avoid eating before bed, avoid triggers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Antacids for GERD

A 
neutralize gastric acid, raise pH
not absorbed
relief in minutes, lasts 30-60 minutes
calcium carbonate (Tums)
magnesium (Phillips, milk of magnesia)
Mg + (Al or Ca) combo (Mylanta)
Mg + Al + simethicone (Maalox)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

H2RAs for GERD

A

reversibly inhibit H2 receptors, decrease gastric acid secretion
famotidine (Pepcid)
ranitidine (Zantac)
s/e: confusion, cognitive impairment in elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

PPIs for GERD

A

bind gastric H/K-ATPase pump, blocks gastric acid secretion
use lowest effective dose for maintenance
esomeprazole (Nexium), omeprazole (Prilosec), lansoprazole (Prevacid), pantoprazole (Protonix), dexlansoprazole (Dexilant)
s/e: osteoporosis, fractures, C. diff, diarrhea, hypomagnesemia
decrease efficacy of clopiogrel, absorption of other drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

GERD other treatments

A

metoclopramide (Reglan)
s/e: tardive dyskinesia, EPS, restlessness, fatigue, drowsiness
avoid in Parkinson’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

A

causes: H. pylori, NSAID-induced, stress-induced
s/sx: dyspepsia, gastric pain in mid/upper stomach
eating lessens pain if H. pylori ulcer
eating worsens pain if NSIAD ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

treatment of H. pylori ulcers

A

first line - quadruple therapy x10-14d (PPI BID or esomeprazole daily + Pepto + metronidazole + tetracycline
triple therapy if no prior exposure to macrolides: PPI/esomeprazole + amoxicillin + clarithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

treatment of NSAID ulcers

A

celecoxib or other COX2 selectives - meloxicam, nabumetone, diclofenac, etodolac
cytoprotective drugs protect ulcer from further damage - misoprostol (Cytotec), sucralafate (Carafate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

constipation treatment special cases

A

use fiber in pregnancy

stimulant laxative for opioid-induced constipation (senna, bisacodyl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

bulk forming laxatives

A

psyllium (metamucil)
calcium polycarbophil (FiberCon)
methylcelluose (Citrucel)
take 2 hrs before/after other drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

osmotic laxatives

A 
magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)
PEG (Miralax)
glycerin (pedia-lax, suppositories)
sorbitol, lactulose
s/e: electrolyte imbalance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

stimulant laxatives

A

senna (Ex-lax, Senokot)

bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

other laxatives

A 
emollient - docusate (Colace)
lubiprostone (Amitiza)
linaclotide (Linzess)
plecanatide (Trulance)
alvimopan (Entereg)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

diarrhea

A

mainly viral, E. coli bacteria
replace fluids, electrolytes
non-infectious = Pepto or loperamide
IBS-D = loperamide, rifaximin (Xifaxin), alosetron (Lotronex - women only)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

antidiarrheals

A

bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto)
loperamide (Imodium)
diphenoxylate-atropine (Lomotil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

antispasmodics for diarrhea

A

dicyclomine (Bentyl)

anticholinergic - dry mouth, nausea, blurred vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Mu-opioid receptor agonists for diarrhea

A

eluxadoline (Viberzi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

antidiarrheal counseling

A

do not give Pepto to kids/teens w/ viral infection - risk of Reye’s syndrome
do not self treat w/ imodium for >48 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

treatment of IBD

A

short courses of oral/IV steroids for acute exacerbations, aminosalicylates for maintenance, budesonide if confined to ileum or proximal colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

induction of remission for Chron’s, Colitis

A

Chron’s: steroids +/- thiopurine or methotrexate; anti-TNF +/- thiopurine; interleukin receptor antagonist
Colitis: steroids +/- 5-ASA or thiopurine; anti-TNF +/- thiopurine; cyclosporine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

maintenance of remission of Chron’s

A

mild: budesonide
mod/severe: Anti-TNF (Humira, Remicade, Cimzia), thiopurine (azathioprine, mercaptopurine), methotrexate, IL antagonist (uztekinumab - Stelara)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

maintenance of remission of Colitis

A

mild: mesalamine (5-ASA)

mod/severe: anti-TNF (Humira, Remicade), golimumab (Symponi), thiopurine (azathioprine, mercaptopurine), cyclosporine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

steroids for IBD

A

prednisone (Deltasone)

budesonide (Entocort, Uceris)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

aminosalicylates for IBS

A 
indicated for treatment of Colitis
mesalamine
sulfasalazine
basalazide
osalazine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

thiopurines for IBS

A

azathioprine

mercaptopurine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

immunosuppressants for IBD

A

methotrexate, cyclosporine

32
Q

integrin receptor antagonists for IBD

A

natalizumab (Tysabri)

veolizumab (Entyvio)

33
Q

sexual dysfunction

A

common w/ HTN, CAD, DM, depression, stress, stroke
drug-induced: SSRIs, HTN meds, antipsychotics, BPH meds
flibanserin (Addyi) - female viagra

34
Q

PDE5 inhibitors for ED

A

smooth muscle relaxation, increased blood flow
sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis), avanafil (Stendra)
s/e: hearing loss, vision loss, hypotension, priapism
do not use w/ nitrates

35
Q

Prostaglandin E1 for ED

A

alprostadil (Caverject, Muse)

s/e: penile pain, priapism

36
Q

5HT1a/2a antagonists for sexual dysfunction

A

do not enhance sexual performance
for premenopausal women only
flibanserin (Addyi)
c/i with alcohol, hepatic impairment, 3A4 inhibitors

37
Q

BPH

A

alpha blockers alone or w/ 5-alpha reductase inhibitor

5-alpha reductase inhibitors decrease prostate size - only use if enlarged prostate

38
Q

alpha blockers for BPH

A

relax smooth muscle, reduce bladder obstruction
terazosin, doxazosin (Cardura), tamsulosin (Flomax)
s/e: floppy iris syndrome in cataract pts, abnormal ejaculation
give at bedtime

39
Q

5-alpha reductase inhibitors for BPH

A

use only if enlarged prostate
finasateride (Proscar)
dutasteride (Avodart)
c/i in pregnancy, fertile women, children
s/e: impotence, decreased libido, abnormal ejaculation, breast enlargement
decrease prostate size and PSA levels

40
Q

PDE-5 inhibitors for BPH

A

tadalafil (Cialis)
c/i with nitrate use
s/e: impaired color vision, hearing loss, vision loss, hypotension, priapism

41
Q

Overactive Bladder

A

urge incontinence: can’t hold it long enough to reach toilet
stress incontinence: leaks during exertion
mixed: combo of stress and urge
functional incontinence: physical impairment (ex. wheelchair)

42
Q

anticholinergics for OAB

A 
oxybutinin (Ditropan, Oxytrol patch) - patch OTC
tolterodine (Detrol)
trospium
solifenacin (Vesicare)
fesoterodine (Toviaz)
s/e: dizzy, drosy, dry mouth
43
Q

Beta-3 agonist for OAB

A

mirabegron (Myrbetriq) s/e HTN

44
Q

Botox for OAB

A

s/e: UTI, urinary retention, dysuria

45
Q

nocturia treatment

A

desmopressin (Noctiva)

s/e: severe hyponatremia - test sodium levels before starting

46
Q

Glaucoma

A

open angle - treated w/ drops or surgery, common
closed angle - sharp sudden increased IOP d/t blockage, medical emergency surgery
prostaglandins most effective in reducing IOP
beta blockers if IOP elevated in one eye

47
Q

prostaglandin analogs for glaucoma

A 
move fluid out of eye
latanaprost (Xalatan) +timolol (Xalacom)
travoprost (Travatan Z)
bimatoprost (Lumigan)
s/e: darkening of iris/eyelashes, eyelash growth/thickening
48
Q

beta blockers for glaucoma

A

reduce aqueous humor production
timolol (Timoptic) +brimonidine (Combigan), +dorzolamide (Cosopt), +latanoprost (Xalacom)
s/e: burning, stinging, vision change
avoid timolol in pts w/ asthma, COPD, bronchitis, CVD

49
Q

cholinergics for glaucoma

A

increase aqueous humor outflow
cabachol (Isopto, Miostat)
pilocarpine (Isopto, Pilopine)

50
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for glaucoma

A 
reduce aqueous humor production
dozolamide (Trusopt), timolol (Cosopt)
acetazolamide (Diamox)
caution w/ sulfa allergy
s/e: blurred vision, dry eye
51
Q

alpha-2 inhibitors for glaucoma

A

brimonidine (Alphagon) +timolol (Combigan)

avoid timolol in pts w/ asthma, COPD, bronchitis, CVD

52
Q

otitis externa treatment (outer ear infection)

A

ciprofloxacin + hydrocortisone (Cipro HC)
cipro + dexamethasone (Ciprodex)
cortisporin TC

53
Q

ear wax removal

A 
cerumen = ear wax
carbamide peroxide (Debrox)
triethanolamine (Cerumenex)
54
Q

ear drop counseling

A

pull earlobe up & back in adults, down & back in kids
administer drops
keep head sideways for 5 minutes

55
Q

motion sickness

A

scopolamine (Transderm Scop) - behind ear, lasts 3 days, use 4 hrs before, c/i with glaucoma
meclizine (Bramamine less drowsy) - take 30-60 min before. s/e: blurred vision
avoid alcohol

56
Q

alopecia, hair loss treatment

A

finasteride (Propecia) - c/i in pregnancy, women shouldn’t handle
minoxidil (Rogaine)

57
Q

diaper rash treatment

A

change frequently, let skin dry, use protectant
Desitin (petrolatum + zinc oxide)
Vusion (miconazole + zinc oxide + petrolatum)

58
Q

fungal skin infection treatment

A 
terbinafine (Lamisil)
butenafine (Lotrimin)
clotrimazole, miconazole
tolnftate (Tinactin)
betamethasone/clotrimazole (Lotrisone) Rx
59
Q

fungal nail infection treatment

A

itraconazole (Sporanox)
terbinafine (Lamisil)
efinaconazole (Jublia)

60
Q

yeast infection treatment

A

monistat, diflucan

61
Q

genital wart treatment

A

imiquimod (Aldara, Zyclara)

62
Q

lice, scabies treatment

A

permethrin, pyrethrin (Nix, Rid) OTC of choice

63
Q

poison ivy/oak treatment

A 
aluminum acetate (Burrow's)
colloidal oatmeal (Aveeno)
64
Q

weight loss

A

reduce calories, increase exercise
avoid weight loss drugs in pregnancy
phentermine/topiramate (Qsymia) - s/e anxiety, depression
naltrexone/bupropion (Contrave) - c/i w/ seizures, opioid use, HTN
locaserin (Belviq)
liraglutide (Saxenda)
phentermine (Adipex) - s/e HTN, tachycardia; c/i w/ glaucoma or HTN
orlistat (Alli, Xenical)

65
Q

Thyroid issues

A

hypothyroidism: low T3/T4, high TSH
hyperthyroidism: high T3/T4, low TSH
hypothyroid: cause Hashimoto’s
hypothyroid: levothyroxine - empty stomach, separate from vitamins and antacids
hyperthyroid: cause Grave’s disease
hyperthyroid: beta-blockers for s/sx, PTU, methimaazole, potassium iodine

66
Q

arthritis

A

bilateral, symmetrical joint pain/swelling, stiffness
goal: remission
tx: MTX, then DMARDs, TNFs, biologics
never use combo of 2 biologics

67
Q

DMARDs for arthritis

A

methotrexate (Otrexup, Rasuvo, Xatmep, Trexall) - c/i in pregnancy, do not use with alcohol
hydroxychloroquin (Plaquenil) s/e retinopathy, vision loss
sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
leflunomide (Arava)
tofacitinib (Xeljanz)

68
Q

anti-TNF biologics for arthritis

A

etanercept (Enbrel)
adalimumab (Humira)
infliximab (Remicade)

69
Q

non-TNF biologics for arthritis

A

rituximab (Rituxan)

sarilumab (Kavzara)

70
Q

transplant induction therapy

A

given before, prevent acute rejection

basilixumab, antithymocyte globulin

71
Q

transplant maintenance therapy

A 
calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus)
antiproliferatives (mycophenolate, azathioprine, belatacept)
mTOR inhibitors (everolimus, sirolimus)
72
Q

drugs that decrease oral contraceptive efficacy

A

anticonvulsants (barbituates, carbamazepine, phenytoin, topiramate, lamotrigine)
antibiotics (rifampin, rifapentine, rifabutin)
St. John’s wort
ritonavir
smoking tobacco

73
Q

osteoporosis

A

prevent w/ Ca + Vit D
Vit D deficiency = ricketts, osteomalacia
Vit D deficient: ergocalciferol, cholcalciferol x8-12wks
tx: bisphosphonates, raloxifene, ibandronate, teriperatide
bisphosphonates: alendronate (Fosamax), Risedronate (Actonel), ibandronate (Boniva) - must sit/stand 30 min after taking
raloxifene (Evista) - SERM, s/e hot flashes

74
Q

pain management

A

APAP max dose: 4,000 mg/day
ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) - max 3,200 mg/day
antiepileptics for pain: gabapentin, pregabalin
antispasmodics/muscle relaxants for pain: baclofen, cyclobenzaprine, tizanidine, carisoprodol, methocarbamol
SNRI/TCAs for pain: amitriptyline, duloxetine
topicals for pain: lidocaine patch, capsaicin, methyl salicylate (IcyHot)

75
Q

Gout treatment

A

acute tx: NSAIDs - indomethacin (Indocin), naproxen, celecoxib (celebrex); cholchicine (Colcrys)
chronic tx: allopurinol (Zyloprim), lesinurad (Zurampic), probenacid

NAPLEX (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions