Week 2- Pleura and the lungs

Question 1

How is the thorax divided?

Answer 1

Into the right and left hemithorax.

Question 2

Describe the linings of the pulmonary cavity?

Answer 2

Has two layers- called pleura- described as a serous membrane.
Parietal pleura is the outside layer that adheres to the pulmonary cavity.
Visceral pleura covers the organs.

Question 3

Describe the divisions of the parietal pleura.

Answer 3

Parietal pleura can be divided into costal parietal pleura, diaphragmatic parietal pleura, mediastinal parietal pleura and cervical parietal pleura.

Question 4

Where are the two layers of pleura continuous with one another?

Answer 4

At the lung hilum.

Question 5

What is the sleeve of pleura hanging from the lung hilum called?

Answer 5

The pulmonary ligament.

Question 6

What adheres the costal parietal pleura to the thoracic wall?

Answer 6

The endothoracic fascia. Its a layer of connective tissue.

Question 7

What is the endothoracic fascia continuous with?

Answer 7

Its continuous with the suprapleural membrane.

This stops the lungs expanding up the way into the neck.

Question 8

Describe the surface markings for the lungs (in terms of ribs) at the mid axillary, mid clavicular and scapular line.

Answer 8

Mid-axillary lines- rib 8
Mid clavicular line- Rib 6
Scapular line (at the back as far down as the lungs go)- rib 10.

Question 9

Describe the surface markings for the parietal pleura (in terms of ribs) at the mid axillary, mid clavicular and scapular line.

Answer 9

Mid axillary- Rib 10
Mid clavicular- Rib 8
Scapular line- rib 12.

Question 10

What recess is created by the lungs and the diaphragm?

What is the clinical significance of this?

Answer 10

Costodiaphragmatic recess.

Lowest point in the thorax so fluid from the thoracic cavity will collect here.

Question 11

Where is the costomediastinal recess found?

Answer 11

Posterior to the sternum.

Question 12

Top of the lung is called?

Answer 12

Apex

Question 13

Which lung has three lobes?

Answer 13

Right lung

Question 14

Which fissure is present in both lungs?

Answer 14

Oblique fissure

Question 15

What is the fissure only present in the right lung called?

Answer 15

Horizontal fissure.

Question 16

What are the three surfaces of the lung?

Answer 16

Costal, mediastinal and diaphragmatic surfaces.

Question 17

What surface markings can allow you to recognise the right lung?

Answer 17

Small cardiac impression.
SVC impression above this.
Oesophageal impression laterally.
Two fissures

Question 18

What surface markings allow you to recognise the left lung?

Answer 18

Huge indentation for the arch and descending aorta.

Bigger cardiac impression

Question 19

What is the lingula of the lung?

Answer 19

Medial on the upper lobe. Little bit of lung that hangs down.

Question 20

Describe the orientation at the lung hilum.

Answer 20

Pulmonary arteries- superiorly in the hilum
Pulmonary veins- most inferior and anterior structure
Bronchus- most posterior structure.

Question 21

Describe the bifurcation of the bronchial?

Answer 21

First at the carina (level T4) from trachea to the right and left main bronchus. Then it bifurcates into lobar bronchi (3 on right, 2 on left) and then segmental bronchi

Question 22

Segments of the lungs will drain to which lymph nodes?

Answer 22

Pulmonary lobes.

Question 23

Where will pulmonary lobes drain too?

Answer 23

Bronchopulmonary nodes.

Question 24

Where do bronchopulmonary nodes drain too?

Answer 24

Either inferior trachiobronchial nodes or superior tranchiobronchial nodes (hilar nodes).

Question 25

What are the nodes beside the trachea called?

Answer 25

Paratracheal nodes.

Question 26

Which lymph nodes will the whole lung drain too?

Answer 26

Hilar nodes.