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202: Theme 2, Sensory inputs and motor outputs > Neck and oral cavity > Flashcards

Neck and oral cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Boundaries and functions of the oral cavity

A

Boundaries:
Superiorly- Nasal cavity
Inferiorly- Pharynx

Functions:

  • Digestion
  • Speaking [manipulation of sound from the larynx]
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2
Q

Divisions of the tongue

A

Oral division
- Anterior 2/3

Pharyngeal
- Posterior 1/3

Terminal sulcus divided anterior from posterior.

Papillae

  • Contains taste buds
  • Except filiform
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3
Q

Frenulum

A

Under medial fold that separates the right side from the left side of the tongue.

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4
Q

Divisions of the oral cavity

A

Oral vestibule
- Space between the lips and cheek

Oral cavity proper
- Space enclosed by the teeth

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5
Q

Boundaries of the oral cavity proper

A

Roof
- Hard and soft palate

Floor

  • Mylohyoid muscle
  • Geniohyoid muscle
  • Tongue
  • Submandibular and sublingual glands
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6
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

- Function

A

Longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical

Function:

  • Fine movement of the tongue
  • Used for speech, eating and swallowing.
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7
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue [4]

A

Genioglossus

Hyoglossus

Styloglossus

Palatoglossus

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8
Q

Genioglossus

  • Shape
  • Function
A

Extrinsic muscle of the tongue

  • Fan shaped
  • Arising from the mandible

Action

  • Depression
  • Protrusion
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9
Q

Hyoglossus

  • Shape
  • Function
A

Extrinsic muscle of the tongue

  • From hyoid bone
  • Vertical fibres

Action:
Depression

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10
Q

Styloglossus

  • Shape
  • Function
A

Extrinsic muscle of the tongue arising from the styloid process
- Downwards, forward fibres

Function:
Retraction

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11
Q

Palatoglossus

  • Shape
  • Function
A

Extrinsic muscle arising from the soft palate
- downward fibres

Function:

  • Elevates back of the tongue
  • Depresses soft palate
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12
Q

Innervation of the oral tongue

A

Special afferent [TASTE]

  • Chorda tympani [from CN7]
  • Lingual nerve [from mandibular nerve]

General sensation
- Lingual nerve

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13
Q

Innervation of the pharyngeal division of the tongue

A

Special afferent [TASTE]
- Glossopharyngeal [CN9]

Sensation
- CN9

Motor

  • Hypoglossal [CN12]
  • CNX [palatoglossus]
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14
Q

Innervation of the muscles of the tongue

A

CN12
- Hypoglossus

CN10

  • Vagus
  • Palatoglossus ONLY
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15
Q

Venous and arterial supply to the tongue

- Source

A

Lingual arteries and veins

- Branch from the ECA

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16
Q

Muscles of the soft palate

A

Palatoglossal and Palatopharyngeal
- Form the arches

Uvula

All depress the palate

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17
Q

Hypoglossal nerve

  • Type
  • Exit
  • Innervation
A

CN 12
- Exits hypoglossal canal

Gives all motor supply to the tongue
- Except palatoglossus muscle

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18
Q

Clinical test for CN12 function

A

Patient is asked to protrude their tongue

- A deviation to one side may indicate impairment of CN12

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19
Q

CN 9

  • Name
  • Exit
  • Type [4}
  • Innervation [5]
A

Glossopharyngeal
- Exits jugular foramen

Type

  • Somatic sensory [oropharynx and posterior 1/3 of the tongue]
  • Special afferent, taste [post. third of the tongue]
  • Visceral—> parotid gland
  • Motor—> Stylopharyngeus
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20
Q

Larynx

  • Function
  • Border
A

Phonation

  • Sits above the trachea
  • Hyoid bone superior

Sphincter for the airway, blocks objects from entering trachea

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21
Q

Larynx cartilages + their functions [6]

- I see see see Three A Es

A

Thyroid

  • Forms Adam’s apple
  • Connects to hyoid bone via ligament

Cricoid

  • Forms inferior wall
  • Connects to thyroid cartilage

Corniculate [paired]
- Apex of arytenoid

Arytenoid [paired]
- Alters vocal chords

Cuneiform [paired]
- anterior to corniculate

Epiglottis

  • Elastic
  • Blocks airway from food
22
Q

Ligaments of the larynx

A

Vestibular

Vocal

23
Q

Innervation of the larynx

A

Vagus nerve

  • Recurrent laryngeal branch [motor]
  • Superior laryngeal branch [sensory]
24
Q

Arterial supply to the larynx

A

Upper half
- Superior thyroid [ from external carotid}

Lower half
- Inferior thyroid [ from thyrocervical trunk]

25
Q

Pharynx divisions

- Surrounding anatomy

A

Pharynx [most posterior of neck]

  • Behind oral cavity and nasal cavity
  • Above oesophagus and larynx

Visions

  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
26
Q

Muscles of pharynx

A

Superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles

27
Q

Innervation of pharynx

A

Motor
- CN X, Vagus
- Stylopharyngeus —->
CN 9, Glossopharyngeal

Sensory

  • CN V2 [maxillary]
  • CN 9
  • CN X
28
Q

General motor supply of the vagus nerve

A

Palatoglossus muscle

Larynx and Pharynx muscles

29
Q

Path of vagus nerve

A 
Medulla---> 
Jugular foramen [exit]-->
Carotid sheath --->
Head + thorax---->
Foregut and midgut
30
Q

CN 8

  • Name
  • Exit
  • Type
  • Innervation
A

Vestibulocochlear
- Exits internal acoustic meatus

Sensory divisions:

  • Vestibular [balance]
  • Cochlear [hearing]

Special somatic afferent
- Carries information about hearing, equilibrium and motion

31
Q

CN 11

  • Name
  • Exit
  • Type
  • Innervation
A

Accessory nerve
- Exits jugular foramen

Motor supply to:

  • Sternocleidomastoid
  • Trapezius
32
Q

Fascias of the neck

- Clinical importance

A

Pretracheal

Prevertebral

Investing

Fascia reduce infection spread

Also allows structures to move past each other when the neck moves or during swallowing.

33
Q

Carotid sheath

- Contents [6]

A

Fascia in the neck

Contains:

  • Internal jugular vein
  • Vagus nerve
  • Deep cervical lymph nodes
  • Carotid sinus nerve
  • Common carotid
  • Internal carotid
34
Q

Bones of the neck

A

7 cervical vertebrae posteriorly

Hyoid bone anteriorly

35
Q

Contents of the carotid triangle [5]

A

Common carotid artery

Internal jugular vein

CN 10-12

36
Q

Boundaries of the carotid triangle [4]

A

Omohyoid

Stylohoid

Digastric muscle

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

37
Q

Contents of the submandibular triangle [3]

A

Submandibular gland

Facial artery

Facial vein

38
Q

Boundaries of the submandibular triangle

A

Anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle

- Bound it at the front and back

39
Q

Submental triangle contents and boundaries

A

Contents
- Lymph nodes

Bounded by anterior belly of the digastric muscle.

40
Q

Muscular triangle

  • Contents
  • Boundaries
A

Contains:
Supra hyoid muscle
Infra hyoid muscle.

Boundaries:

  • Omohyoid
  • Sternocleidomastoid
41
Q

Anterior trinangle

A

Region of the neck
- Separated from the lateral triangle by the sternocleidomastoid

Contains 3 paired triangles

  • Submandibular
  • Submental [unpaired]
  • Muscular
  • Carotid
42
Q

Suprahyoid muscles of the muscular triangle

A

Stylohyoid

Digastric

Mylohyoid

Geniohyoid

43
Q

Infrahyoid muscles of the muscular triangle

+ innervation

A

Innervation: C1-3 of ansa cervicalis

Omohyoid

Sternohyoid

Thyrohoid

Sternothyroid

44
Q

Innervation of stylohoid and posterior digastric

A

Facial nerve [CN 7]

45
Q

Mylohyoid innervation

A

CN 5

46
Q

Geniohyoid innervation

A

CN 12

47
Q

Posterior/ Lateral triangle

- Boundaries of traingles

A

Occipital triangle

  • Sternocleidomastoid
  • Trapezius
  • Omohyoid

Supraclavicular triangle

  • Clavicular SCM
  • clavicle
  • omohyoid
48
Q

Posterior/ Lateral triangle contents [5]

A

Subclavian artery

External jugular vein

Brachial plexus

CN 11 [accessory]

Cervical plexus

49
Q

Arterial supply of the neck

A

External carotid branches:

  • Superficial temporal
  • Maxillary
  • Facial
  • Ascending pharyngeal
  • Superior thyroid
  • Lingual

Subclavian branch
- Inferior thyroid

50
Q

Venous drainage of neck

A

Internal jugular vein

  • Neck viscera
  • Neck muscles

External jugular

Anterior jugular
- connects to external jugular

51
Q

Uvula innervation

A

CN X

202: Theme 2, Sensory inputs and motor outputs (13 decks)

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