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MSK > Joints and movement > Flashcards

Joints and movement Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three categories of joint?

A

Fibrous/synarthrosis
Cartilaginous/Amphiarthrosis
Synovial/diarthrosis

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2
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a fibrous joint?

A

Very stable

Limited movement.

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3
Q

What are the two types of fibrous joint?

A

Syndesmosis- Bones linked by a fibrous sheet. Interosseous membrane.
Sutures- Bones fuse together. Skull

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4
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a cartilaginous membrane?

A

Relatively stable but give more movement than fibrous.

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5
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous membrane?

A

Primary- Synchondrosis. Bones linked by hyaline cartilage for growing.
Secondary- Symphyses. Bones linked by fibrocartilage such as intervertebral disks.

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6
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of synovial joints?

A

Relatively unstable but allow great range of movement.

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7
Q

What are the six types of synovial joint?

A

Pivot- Spine. Movement in one plane.
Ball + socket- Hip. Good range of motion.
Plane- Acromioclavicular. Two planes of movement. Slide over each other.
Hinge- Elbow. Good range of movement in one plane.
Saddle- Carpometacarpal joints. Good range in one plane and limited in another.
Condyloid- Metacarpophalangeal joint. Good range in one plane and limited in another.

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8
Q

What are the six main components of a synovial joint?

A 
Bones
Hyaline/articular cartilage
Capsule
Joint cavity
Skeletal muscle and ligaments
Bursa
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9
Q

What role does bone play in a synovial joint?

A

Levers for movement.

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10
Q

What role does hyaline/articular cartilage play in a synovial joint?

A

To allow for smooth movement.

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11
Q

What role does the capsule play in a synovial joint?

A

Outer layer of fibrous tissue for strength.

Inner layer of synovial membrane to secrete synovial fluid for lubrication.

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12
Q

What role does the joint cavity play in a synovial joint?

A

Holds synovial fluid and allows movement.

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13
Q

What role does the bursa play in a synovial joint?

A

Prevents friction and allows full range of movement.

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14
Q

What role does the skeletal muscle and ligaments play in a synovial joint?

A

Skeletal muscle- structure and mechanical movement.

Ligaments- Structure/hold joint together.

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15
Q

What is a simple synovial joint?

A

One involving only two bones.

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16
Q

What is a compound synovial joint?

A

One containing more than one pair of articular surfaces.

17
Q

What are the roles of synovial fluid?

A

Lubrication

Delivery of nutrients and removal of waste from chondrocytes.

18
Q

What are some components of synovial fluid?

A

Mucin
Mononuclear antibodies
Uric acid

19
Q

Describe the general appearance of synovial fluid.

A

Clear colourless liquid that is highly viscous. WCC <200mm3

20
Q

Describe inflamed synovial fluid.

A

Straw/yellow translucent liquid with low viscosity. WCC 2000-75000mm3

21
Q

Describe septic synovial fluid.

A

Opaque fluid of variable viscosity and colour. WCC >100000mm3

22
Q

What are the four zones of articular cartilage?

A

Superficial zone
Middle zone
Deep zone
Calcified zone

23
Q

Where are chondrocytes found in articular cartilage?

A

Deep zone

24
Q

What are the three components of articular cartilage ECM?

A

Water- 70%
Type 2 collagen- 20%
Proteoglycans- 10%

25
Q

What stimulates catabolism of cartilage ECM?

A

TNF-alpha and IL-1

26
Q

What stimulates anabolism of cartilage ECM?

A

TGF-beta and IGF-1

27
Q

What are markers of cartilage degradation?

A

Keratin sulphate in serum and synovial fluid.

Type II collagen in synovial fluid.

28
Q

What is a subliction of a joint?

A

Reduced area between two articular surfaces but with contact still present.

29
Q

What is a dislocation of a joint?

A

Complete loss of contact between the two surfaces of a joint.

MSK (17 decks)

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