Bones of the abdomen, pelvis and perineum

Question 1

Label the following diagram:

Answer 1

Question 2

Label the following diagram:

Answer 2

Question 3

Label the following diagram:

Answer 3

Question 4

Label the following diagram:

Answer 4

Question 5

Label the following diagram of the anterior view of the pelvis:

Answer 5

Question 6

Label the following diagrams of different views of the sacrum:

Answer 6

Question 7

Label the following image of a pelvic girdle:

Answer 7

Question 8

Describe the differences between the male and female pelvic girdle

Answer 8

The female pelvic inlet is oval/round, whereas the male pelvic inlet is narrow/heart-shaped.

The female sub-pubic angle is wide, >80 degrees, whereas the male sub-pubic angle is narrow, 50-60 degrees.

The female ischial spines do not project medially; the male ischial spines project medially.

The female greater (false) pelvis is shallow; the male greater (false) pelvis is deep.

The female lesser (true) pelvis is wide, shallow and cylindrical; the male lesser (true) pelvis is narrow, deep and tapering.

The X:Y ratio (where X = distance between symphysis pubis to ant. margin of acetabulum, and Y = diameter of acetabulum) of the female pelvis is 1 or >1, whereas the X:Y ratio of the male pelvis is less than 1.

Question 9

Describe the position of the inguinal ligament in a bony model

Answer 9

The inguinal ligament is the lower border of the external oblique muscle, running in a straight line from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) laterally to the pubic tubercle medially. The femoral nerve, artery and vein all enter the thigh by passing deep to the inguinal ligament. The inguinal ligament is the floor of the inguinal canal, rolled under inferior edge of the external oblique aponeurosis.

Question 10

Describe the position of the deep inguinal ring in a bony model

Answer 10

The deep inguinal ring is the beginning of the inguinal canal and is at a point midway between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis. It is just above the inguinal ligament and immediately lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels.

Question 11

Describe the position of the superficial inguinal ring in a bony model

Answer 11

The superficial inguinal ring is the end of the inguinal canal and is superior to the pubic tubercle. It is a triangular opening in the aponeurosis of the external oblique, with its apex pointing superolaterally and its base formed by the pubic crest. The medial crus and lateral crus are attached to the pubic symphysis and pubic tubercle respectively, forming the 2 remaining sides of the triangle.