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Spinal Anatomy -- Morter > Spinal Exam 1: Unit V, VI > Flashcards

Spinal Exam 1: Unit V, VI Flashcards

V. Intro to Basic Anthrology VI. Regions of the Vertebral Column (to pg.49 stopped at Pedicle and Lamina

1
Q

What term is used to identify the study of joints?

A

arthology

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2
Q

What term is used to identify the study of ligaments?

A

syndesmology

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3
Q

What are the three histological classifications of joints?

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial fluid

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4
Q

What were the three Latin classifications of joints based on movement potentials?

A

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis

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5
Q

What is the classifications of a joint held together with cartilage?

A

synchondrosis

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6
Q

What is the classification of a joint formed by a growth condition?

A

symphysis

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7
Q

What are the two subclassifications of amphiarthrosis joints based on Latin groupings?

A

synchondrosis, symphysis

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8
Q

What is the classification of a plane or gliding synovial joint?

A

arthrodia

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9
Q

What is the classification of a hinge type synovial joint?

A

ginglymus

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10
Q

What is the classification of a pivot type synovial joint?

A

trochoid

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11
Q

What is the classification of a knuckle type synovial joint?

A

condaylar or bicondylar

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12
Q

What is the classification of an oval-like synovial joint?

A

ellipsoidal

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13
Q

What is the classification of a saddle type synovial joint?

A

sellar

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14
Q

What is the classification of a ball and socket synovial joint?

A

cotyloid, spheroidal or enarthrosis

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15
Q

What term is now used to identify the synarthrosis joint type?

A

fibrous joint

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16
Q

What is the name given to a condition in which bones are fused together by bone?

A

synostosis

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17
Q

What fibrous connective tissue classically fills the joint space of a syndesmosis?

A

a ligament

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18
Q

What is the synonym for amphiarthrosis joints?

A

cartilage joint

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of the (amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis?

A

they are primary cartilage joints, temporary in longevity, composed of hyaline cartilage and form between ossification centers within a cartilage template

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20
Q

Which classification of cartilage joint is secondary, permanent, composed of fibrous cartilage (fibrocartilage) and occurs between bones formed by endochondral ossification?

A

(amphiarthrosis) symphysis

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21
Q

What are the four consistent features of synovial (diarthrosis) joints?

A

articular or fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, articular cartilage and synovial fluid

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22
Q

What examples of synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodial) joints occur along the vertebral column?

A

most zygapophyses of the vertebral column

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23
Q

What is an example of synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joints along the vertebral column?

A

median atlanto-axial joint

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24
Q

What is the shared morphological characteristic of diarthrosis trochoid joints?

A

an osseous pivot point and an osteo-ligamentous ring

25
Q

What example of synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) joint is identified along the spine?

A

the joint of Luschka of typical cervicals is a modified sellar joint

26
Q

What example of the diarthrosis condylar joint is identified along the spine?

A

the atlanto-occipital joint may be classified as a diarthrosis condylar joint

27
Q

Which joint classification exhibits a knuckle-shaped surface on one side of the joint and an elliptical, concave surface on the other side?

A

diarthrosis ellipsoidal

28
Q

What example of the diarthrosis ellipsoidal joint is identified along the spine?

A

the atlanto-occipital joint may be classified as a diarthrosis ellipsoidal joint

29
Q

Which synovial joint classifications are now often interchanged in textbooks?

A

ellipsoidal and condylar synovial joints

30
Q

Which mammals do not have seven cervical vertebrae?

A

the two toed sloth, manatee, ant bear, and three toed sloth

31
Q

Which mammals have more than seven cervical vertebrae?

A

ant bear, three-toed sloth

32
Q

Which mammals have less than seven cervical vertebrae?

A

two-toed sloth, manatee

33
Q

What is the number of vertebrae in the typical cervical spine?

A

seven segments

34
Q

Which vertebrae are typical cervicals?

A

C3-C6

35
Q

Which vertebrae are atypical cervicals?

A

C1, C2, C7

36
Q

What is the shape of the typical cervical vertebral body from the cranial view?

A

rectangular

37
Q

What is the effect of aging on the cervical vertebral body?

A

it diminishes the overall height of the vertebral body

38
Q

What is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view?

A

posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters

39
Q

What would be the direction of the cervical curve based on osseous features?

A

posterior or kyphotic

40
Q

What accounts for the direction of the typical cervical curve?

A

the intervertebral disc height

41
Q

What is the direction of the typical cervical curve?

A

anterior or lordotic

42
Q

Which vertebral couples will demonstrate a decrease in intervertebral disc height?

A

C2/C3 down to C4/C5

43
Q

At which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?

A

C5/C6

44
Q

What are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

A

anterior groove, posterior groove, right and left uncinate processes

45
Q

At what developmental age will the uncinate process first be observed?

A

3rd - 4th fetal month

46
Q

What is the joint classification for the anterior lip -anterior longitudinal ligament - anterior groove articulation?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

47
Q

What is the joint classification for the posterior lip - posterior longitudinal ligament - posterior groove articulations?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

48
Q

What is the joint classification for the uncinate process - lateral groove articulations?

A

modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar)

49
Q

What is the joint classification for the spongy bone-intervertebral disc articulation?

A

cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

50
Q

How many joints are present on the upper surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?

A

five

51
Q

How many joints are present on the lower surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?

A

give

52
Q

How many total joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of typical cervical?

A

ten

53
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

A

right and left uncinate process, right and left lateral groove

54
Q

What is the name given to the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?

A

joint of Luschka or uncovertebral joint

55
Q

The joint of Luschka is formed from what surfaces?

A

the uncinate process and lateral groove

56
Q

How many total synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

A

four

57
Q

What is the functional significance of the joint of Luschka?

A

is appears to stabilize the intervertebral disc while accommodating flexion - extension

and requiring coupled motion (axial rotation with lateral bending) in the cervical spine

58
Q

How many cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joints are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

A

two

59
Q

What muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body?

A

the longus colli muscle

Spinal Anatomy -- Morter (21 decks)

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