Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

How are gram negative cell walls arranged?

A
  • inner and outer membrane (gap between)
  • Lipopolysaccharide on outside
  • thin walls (in comparison to GM +ve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does Group B streptococcus cause?

A

Neonatal Meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Strep. pneumoniae appear as what on gram staining?

A

Gm +ve diplococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the difference between spiral bacteria and spirochete?

A

Spiral shaped have their fligella on the outside and are rigid in their shape

Spirochete have their fligella INSIDE => are flexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give examples of organisms which are spiral shaped?

A

H. Pylori

Campylobacter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give examples of true spirochete organisms and what they cause in the human body?

A
Borrelia = Lyme Disease
Treponema = Syphilis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do streptococci cause haemolysis?

A

Produce a toxin which breaks down the blood cells in the agar

More haemolysis = more dangerous the organism

=> Group A strep is worst due to Beta haemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give examples of streptococci which cause alpha, beta and gamma haemolysis

A
Alpha = strep. viridans
Beta = strep. pyogenes (Group A)
Gamma = Enterococcus Faecalis (Group D)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What bugs are usually intra-operatively acquired?

A

Staph aureus and staph epidermidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is strep viridans usually found?

A

Mouth (=> GI tract)

Beware of patient having had any dental work done recently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What criteria is used when classifying endocarditis?

A

Duke Criteria

NOT “DUKE’s” - THIS IS FOR COLON CANCER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where do E-coli usually cause infection?

A

Urinary Tract

Biliary Tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

HACEK organisms indicate what type of infection?

A

Endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is rigors?

A

Uncontrollable shaking due to high temperature

The body is trying to cool itself down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the step down from amoxicillin, metronidazole and gentamicin in an intra-abdominal or biliary tract sepsis?

A

Co-trimoxazole and metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What bugs usually colonise diabetic ulcers acutely vs chronically?

A

ACUTE = staph aureus

CHRONIC = staph aureus, coliforms, anaerobes

17
Q

What antibiotic is used in Tayside for surgical prophylaxis?

A

IV co-amoxiclav for a maximum of 3 days

18
Q

What should be given along with co-amoxiclav in patients with a BMI >30?

A

Extra amoxicillin for drug distribution in the body

19
Q

Other than recent antbiotics, what can predispose to CDiff infection?

A

Proton Pump Inhibitors (reduce stomach acid and let more bugs in)

Steroids/ Immunosuppression

Age >65

20
Q

What organism is known to cause bloody diarrhoea?

A

Ecoli 0157

21
Q

Giving antibiotics in an E-coli 0157 infection can predispose to what complication?

A

Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome

22
Q

What infection is caused by reheating rice?

A

Bacillus Cereus

23
Q

What treatment should be given for Bacillus Cereus infection?

A

Supportive management as it is self limiting (diarrhoea only lasts a few hours)